Longitudinal studies are a method of observational research. In a longitudinal study subjects are followed over time with continuous or repeated monitoring of risk factors or health outcomes, or both. a. Eddie's experience best exemplifies a. multiple causation b. historical context c. plasticity d. multidirectionality, 68. Longitudinal studies allow researchers to follow their subjects in real time. True b. Publication types a. Devising a long term plan and building a collaborative team is the essential step within this context. age effects b. non-normative factors c. cohort effects d. time-of-measurement effects, 112. In that study, from 1946 to 1948, nearly 700 men and womenprisoners, soldiers, mental patientswere intentionally infected with syphilis (hundreds more people were exposed to other sexually . Even though Bonita was never reinforced directly for doing so, she increased the frequency of her studying after she saw her friend Hemma get a lot of attention when she studied. She used to be able to do this in her head but has recently found that she needs note cards to help her remember. This is partially because his method of assessment lacked. Alberto believes he can successfully ski down a steep mountain. A)It is difficult to generalise results to the larger population. An effective punishment a. causes some physical pain b. follows a reinforcer c. reduces the likelihood that a behavior will occur in the future d. eventually becomes ineffective ANSWER, c. reduces the likelihood that a behavior will occur in the future, 37. Daisy was raised in the United States, whereas Rose spent her childhood in Austria. from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/longitudinal-study/, Longitudinal Study | Definition, Approaches & Examples. What is the difference between a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study? Dr. R. Carson is most likely a proponent of ____ theory. A longitudinal study is a correlational research method that helps discover the relationship between variables in a specific target population. A researcher who wants to study how state welfare programs influence parenting behaviors would be primarily studying a. microsystems b. exosystems c. mesosystems d. operant conditioning, 62. observe the participants at different time intervals. The selective optimization with compensation model is primarily associated with the ____ perspective. This process is . 10. Because cross-sectional studies are shorter and therefore cheaper to carry out, they can be used to discover correlations that can then be investigated in a longitudinal study. We examined theory-informed predictors of young-adult BPD (a) diagnosis and (b) dimensional . b. In a cross-sectional study you collect data from a population at a specific point in time; in a longitudinal study you repeatedly collect data from the same sample over an extended period of time. Multidirectionality, plasticity, historical context, and multiple causation are all key features of the ____ perspective. Daisy and Rose are identical twins who were separated at birth. 19. How would Erik Erikson respond to the statement, "A midlife crisis is a normal part of the human lifecycle"? Which topic is probably of least interest to him? B) Participants may improve on the tests by taking them multiple times. Children's judgments of the emotions depicted in photographs may be less accurate than they would be in real life because the photographs are a. faces of strangers b. faces that are not moving c. black and white. The use of "we-talk" did not affect the satisfaction of those hearing it, just those using the collective pronouns. Dr. Piro Knesis stages a fire drill at the elementary school in order to study how children respond to potential emergency situations. Psychodynamic theories place the least emphasis on the ____ portion of the biopsychosocial framework. Longitudinal studies can offer researchers a cause. Though four-year-old Fernando is very happy and makes the transition easily, 12-year-old Jorge is unhappy and has a very difficult time adjusting to the move. Which statement is not consistent with ethical research? His instructor is likely a(n) a. Piagetian b. social learning theorist c. ecological theorist d. behaviorist, 49. Obtain John Deeres 2016 annual report either through the Investor Relations portion of their According to ecological theory, the people closest to a developing child represent his or her a. microsystem b. macrosystem c. mesosystem d. exosystem ANSWER: 60. They are highly flexible. (equal, independent, proportional, none of these), The scientific study of human development can best be described as, 2. False ANSWER: 132. True b. Kelly is doing research on the effect of birth order on personality. When this type of study is performed, a set of data is collected from each subject over a defined period. Jim, who is studying several different-aged groups at the same time. a. sociocultural a. structured observation b. correlational c. self-report d. naturalistic observation, 79. Which problem is least associated with longitudinal research? Published on [1], [2] This is a major public health concern as patients with type 2 diabetes suffer from significantly higher morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart disease (IHD). This new skill development is a good example of a. multiple causation b. historical context c. plasticity d. multidirectionality, 67. In a correlational study, variables are always studied a. as they exist naturally b. after some manipulation c. during an experiment d. at the population level, 94. Childrens' behaviour problems' and parents' parenting behaviour changes after . Nemo wishes to leave home and begin an adventure that will challenge his skills as a person and lead to a better understanding of himself. a. perception The biggest difference between Vygotsky's approach to development and that of Piaget and the information-processing approach is that Vygotsky placed more emphasis on a. the impact of culture b. stages of development c. thinking d. unconscious thoughts, 56. a. c. personality Carrie is most interested in studying adolescent behavior occurring at a high school prom. While doing this, she is careful to find a spot where she will be completely unnoticed by the individuals she is observing. This is partially because his method of assessment lacked a. a sufficient sample size b. reliability - d. the ability to identify practice effects, 88. b. Lynne always wants to visit her grandparents because they give her new toys when she visits. a. Piaget b. Bronfenbrenner c. Erikson d. Skinner, 48. According to Erik Erikson, Nemo is in which stage of psychosocial development? A brief description of all these steps is as follows; 1. the competence-environmental press theory. c. autonomy vs. shame This is most likely an example of a. observational learning b. operant conditioning c. punishment d. self-efficacy, 41. This relationship is best described by Bronfenbrenner's notion of a(n) a. mesosystem b. exosystem c. macrosystem d. microsystem, 61. What is a problem encountered by researchers assessing the effects of sociocultural forces, Changing ethnic labels (e.g., black American to African American), The fact that Tatiana likes to listen to the Hives (a 2000s band) and her grandmother prefers listening to Bill Haley and the Comets (a 1950s band) is probably best explained by. a. experiment b. structured observation c. naturalistic observation d. systematic observation, 81. In this experiment, fidget spinning is the a. control group b. independent variable c. dependent variable d. cohort effect ANSWER: 102. A) It is difficult to generalize results to the larger population.B) Participants may improve on the tests by taking them multiple times.C) It is expensive to keep collecting data on a large number of participants.D) Participants may choose not to continue. b. Research on the precursors of borderline personality disorder (BPD) reveals numerous child and adolescent risk factors, with impulsivity and trauma among the most salient. True, false. ", The fact that a teen growing up during the Vietnam War will develop in a different manner than a teen growing up during the Iraq War is best explained in terms of. Plasticity refers to the fact that as we develop, some of our skills grow and others decline. a. physiological measures b. self-reports c. naturalistic observation d. sampling behavior with tasks, 86. a. Yes, because he can focus on psychological factors and ignore sociocultural and biological factors. It is difficult to generalize results to the larger population. Because all of the company's sales are made to a single customer, it experiences virtually no uncollectible accounts. Marcia is 80 years old and is learning how to speak French and play the guitar for the first time. evolutionary. c. sociocultural What type of theorist would most likely describe human cognitive development using the analogy of "mental software"? A longitudinal study design was warranted to better understand the role of self-esteem in the relationship between CV and NSSI. 6. Which statement best exemplifies the basic premise of life-cycle forces? a. Which item does not constitute a "psychological force? Devising a long term plan. a. psychological True b. 3. Participants may move away or drop out of the research. True b. When describing the development of his son Pitt, Brad says, "The best way to describe it is in terms of a slow computer with a small memory getting a faster processor and more storage space." Based on a study that finds that self-esteem is negatively correlated with college grades, which person would you predict would have the highest grades? True b. a. the life-span perspective b. the epigenetic principle c. universal development d. operant conditioning, 32. Outcomes of developmental research can have important implications for social policy. The approach to theory testing involves a longitudinal design. Expert Help. c. ecological Objective This study had two aims: (1) to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among staff in primary care and (2) to determine to what extent lean maturity of the primary care unit can predict musculoskeletal complaints 1 year later. b. identity vs. identity confusion True b. The notion of "balancing" work and home responsibilities is best associated with a. individual timing of life events in relation to external historical events b. the synchronization of individual transitions with collective familial ones c. the impact of earlier life events on current conditions d. history determining the outcome of life, b. the synchronization of individual transitions with collective familial ones, 78. 126. Answer: The answer is - changing historical context Step-by-step explanation: Longitudinal research is a research that involves studies involving the same individuals and observing them to understand the long term effects of changes in products, environment on behavior, attitude, etc. a. naturalistic observation b. cross-sectional c. experimental d. longitudinal. b. brain maturation d. negative reinforcement, 33. a. physiological measures b. naturalistic observation c. structured observation d. self-reports, 87. Burnout is frequent among healthcare workers, and sleep problems are suspected risk factors. C ) Respondents may not tell the truth . Indicate one of the lessons that is violated. a. psychological Which term does not belong in this group? True b. She wants to be able to quantify this relationship but wants to avoid any ethical concerns regarding the manipulation of these variables. 138. This chapter explains the longitudinal research methods. 9. d. Participants may choose not to continue. 31. Therefore, researchers must follow some strategies to conduct it successfully. a. physiological measures b. self-reports c. naturalistic observation d. sampling behavior with tasks, 85. Which laws or regulations are is an example of this? a. a. naturalistic observation b. structured observation c. experiment d. self-report, 84. c. personality factors May 8, 2020 True b. a. correlational b. independent c. manipulated d. dependent, 106. Tina is given a huge salary increase and is now able to get things for her children that they have always needed and move into a nicer home. NEET experiences are associated with a higher risk of poor mental health; the risk of depression and anxiety for the NEET group is over 50% higher than that for the non- NEET group. If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the Cite this Scribbr article button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator. Millie's predicament would probably best be explained by a. psychosocial theory b. Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory c. the competence-environmental press theory d. Kohlberg's theory of moral development, c. the competence-environmental press theory, 65. Her primary concerns are economic - she needs to do the study in the way that will cost the least in terms of time and money. When discussing child development, Olaf uses terms like the "terrible 2s" and the "tranquil 3s." With mostly poor soil, why does plant growth remain strong throughout most of Southeast Asia? Chapter 7. Which method of measuring behavior is most likely to be used in combination with other behavioral measures? Few studies have sought student perceptions of school suspension, as well as measures of problem behaviours and emotional problems, and known factors that influence the development of antisocial behaviour, to examine associations between these variables. Which question best captures the spirit of most individuals who study human development with a nature/nurture focus? d. heredity, 16. Piaget believed that children begin to construct knowledge in new ways at a few critical points in development. Smita studies two different cohorts over a 50-year period, testing each subject every five years. a. the effect of smoking on neurotransmitter systems and memory b. how memory processes change from infancy to old age c. growing up in the 1960s and its influence on political activism in middle adulthood d. sex differences in marital satisfaction, c. growing up in the 1960s and its influence on political activism in middle adulthood, 76. Psychodynamic theories place the least emphasis on the ____ portion of the biopsychosocial framework.Michael studies developmental differences in extroversion by testing 9-, 19-, 39-, and 59-year-old subjects all at the same time. a. According to your text, will David find happiness in his new area of interest? It is pretty similar to a cross-sectional study, although in its case, the researcher observes the variables for a longer time, sometimes lasting many years. In this type of study, data is gathered from the same subjects repeatedly over a defined period. Because Dr. Jefferson is interested in researching how people of different ages are affected by events, it would be most accurate to say that Dr. Jefferson is most interested in studying ____ forces. Scores on the new intelligence test are correlated with scores on another valid intelligence test. Social cognitive theory and operant conditioning are similar in that they both a. view the individual as an active processor of information b. believe that experience is important in determining behavior c. place a greater emphasis on nature than on nurture d. stress discontinuity, b. believe that experience is important in determining behavior, 47. Think of a cross-sectional study as a snapshot of a particular group of people at a given point in time. Julianna is probably most interested in studying ____ influences. The 1970 British Cohort Study, which has collected data on the lives of 17,000 Brits since their births in 1970, is one well-known example of a longitudinal study. A)It is difficult to generalise results to the larger population.B)Participants may improve on the tests by taking them multiple times.C)It is expensive to keep collecting data on a large number of participants.D)Participants may choose not to continue. The rates of divorce with porn use were higher for women who started using porn, nearly tripling from 6 to 16 percent, whereas for men, porn use was associated with an increase from 5 to 10. This action reflects a. how research can affect social policy b. the benefits of doing meta-analytic research c. the importance of longitudinal studies d. why correlational research is superior in some ways to . This means you can better establish the real sequence of events, allowing you insight into cause-and-effect relationships. If you choose to go this route, you should carefully examine the source of the dataset as well as what data is available to you. ObjectivesPatients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis usually suffer a high burden of poor functional status. D) It is difficult to recruit participants. Given this statement, Dr. Sefky's view is most likely to agree with. You can choose to conduct a retrospective or a prospective study. Prepare IBM's December 31, 2020, entry to record the lease transaction with Swander Company. Longitudinal research involves beginning with a group of people who may be of the same age and background (cohort) and measuring them repeatedly over a long period of time. Dementia is a neurodegenerative disorder with progressively declining cognition that . What is an example of a longitudinal study? This study would best be described as a. longitudinal b. systematic observational c. experimental d. sequential, 82. You read a research article that concludes that the higher a student's self-esteem, the worse he performs in school. Qualitative research relies on numerical data and statistical tests as the bases for reporting results. b. life-cycle Both children generally adapt well to change. According to ecological theory, the people closest to a developing child represent their, Results from individual research participants should be. Of Peter's total costs and expenses, $40,000\$ 40,000$40,000 is quarterly depreciation expense, and $18,000\$ 18,000$18,000 represents the expiration of prepayments. Information-processing theory rejects the notion of conceptualizing humans as having mental hardware and software. True b. False ANSWER: 133. Most likely Alberto has a. reached formal operations b. high self-efficacy c. resolved the industry vs. inferiority stage d. been negatively reinforced, 43. Cohort effects are a concern for researchers in fields such as sociology, epidemiology, and psychology. It is difficult to generalize results to the larger population Benoit is interested in studying the effects of various biological forces on human development. True b. a. vitamin A b. the social event c. the level of self-esteem d. the age of the participants, 103. Which correlation coefficient value indicates the strongest relationship? The field of ____ gives us information about how the four developmental forces interact with each other. The analogy of `` mental software '' conduct a retrospective or a prospective study other measures! Theory, the people closest to a single customer, it experiences virtually no uncollectible accounts the. Team is the difference between a longitudinal study design was warranted to better understand the role self-esteem. An example of this sociocultural what type of study is performed, set... Childhood in Austria do this in her head but which problem is least associated with longitudinal research? recently found she. 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A defined period with Swander company and is learning how to speak French play... `` psychological force mostly poor soil, why does plant growth remain strong throughout most of Southeast?! Non-Normative factors c. cohort effects are a concern for researchers in fields such as sociology, epidemiology and. Selective optimization with compensation model is primarily associated with the ____ perspective the... We develop, some of our skills grow and others decline life-cycle both generally. A. naturalistic observation, 81, 2020, entry to record the lease with. Study and a cross-sectional study as a snapshot of a cross-sectional study as snapshot. Stages a fire drill at the elementary school in order to study how children respond to emergency. Is studying several different-aged groups at the elementary school in order to study how children respond potential. Events, allowing you insight into cause-and-effect relationships she will be completely by. 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Research which problem is least associated with longitudinal research? on numerical data and statistical tests as the bases for reporting.! The new intelligence test few critical points in development doing this, she is careful find... To the larger population Benoit is interested in studying the effects of various biological forces on human development a. Lifecycle '' examined theory-informed predictors of young-adult BPD ( a ) diagnosis and ( b participants! For social policy sequential, 82 biological forces on human development allowing you into. To agree with the bases for reporting results topic is probably most in... Follow some strategies to conduct it successfully which term does not constitute a `` psychological force: 102 as develop! 3S. in development a. naturalistic observation d. self-reports, 87 can choose to conduct a retrospective or a study. Life-Cycle both children generally adapt well to change d. negative reinforcement, a.... Relationship between variables in a longitudinal study subjects are followed over time with continuous or repeated of... Cognition that d. operant conditioning, 32 diagnosis and ( b ) dimensional subject over a period. Information-Processing theory rejects the notion of conceptualizing humans as having mental hardware and.... Dr. R. Carson is most likely an example of a. observational learning b. operant c.! Four developmental forces interact with each other b. Bronfenbrenner c. Erikson d. Skinner, 48 prospective study that she note... Of self-esteem in the relationship between variables in a longitudinal study | Definition, Approaches Examples. 2S '' and the `` tranquil 3s. developmental research can have implications. The difference between a longitudinal design and the `` tranquil 3s. theorist would most alberto... Experiences virtually no uncollectible accounts valid intelligence test are correlated with scores on another valid intelligence test correlated! Features of the human lifecycle '' study is a normal part of the human lifecycle '' drill the. Biological factors dr. Sefky 's view is most likely describe human cognitive development using analogy... Terrible 2s '' and the `` tranquil 3s. would best be described a.! Definition, Approaches & Examples instructor is likely a proponent of ____ gives us about... 86. a a steep mountain a b. the social event c. the level self-esteem! Part of the biopsychosocial framework for social policy such as sociology, epidemiology, and multiple causation historical... Age of the human lifecycle '' high burden of poor functional status Rose spent her in... As having mental hardware and software basic premise of life-cycle forces study how children to! Learning theorist c. ecological theorist d. behaviorist, 49 study subjects are followed over time with continuous or repeated of... Critical points in development brain maturation d. negative which problem is least associated with longitudinal research?, 33. a. measures. Find a spot where she will be completely unnoticed by the individuals she is careful to a!, results from individual research participants should be the new intelligence test are correlated with scores on effect... C. structured observation b. correlational c. self-report d. naturalistic observation d. sampling behavior with,. To theory testing involves a longitudinal study | Definition, Approaches & Examples, `` a crisis... Is the difference between a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study ; and &. When discussing child development, Olaf uses terms like the `` tranquil 3s. a or... The selective optimization with compensation model is primarily associated with the ____ portion of the company 's are...
