Legends soon sprang up about this mysterious personality. Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. He taught us that the slave-masters had taught us to eat the wrong food and that this is the cause of our sickness and short span of life. He drew on various sources, including Noble Drew Ali's Moorish Science Temple of America, black nationalist trends like Garveyism, and black-oriented forms of Freemasonry. Many people avoided him because of the wild things he sometimes said." WebWallace Fard Muhammad established the Nation of Islam in Detroit. [27] "Harris had no standing in the order and was not regarded as a leader. Lincoln, C. Eric. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. She is employed despite her ethnicity because the managers are desperate for someone with a working knowledge of silk they rationalize the hire by discovering that her place of birth was Turkey, a Muslim country, although she is a practicing Greek Orthodox Christian. 1960. Evanzz reported that Wallace D. Fard died in Chicago in 1971 at the age of 78. WebParking is abundant-plenty of room for an RV, toys, and multiple vehicles. The Black Muslims in America. (February 22, 2023). This is the story that stuck. He was drawn to return to the United States in order to liberate the African-Americans from their half-slave and half-free condition. The men of the organization were drilled by captains and referred to as the Fruit of Islam. [31], From the FBI's response to the Freedom of Information Act request, Evanzz claimed that Fard, using the name Fred Dodd, married Pearl Allen in Multnomah County, Oregon, on May 9, 1914, with their first child, a son, born the next year. ." This new movement, known as the Temple People, identifies the prophet, Mr. W. D. Fard, with the God, Allah. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture, Beynon stated that Fard's position on human sacrifice "was never made clear. The Noble Drew Ali, the prophet of the Moorish-Americans, proclaimed that these people were 'descendants of Morrocans [Moroccans]'. He had been gone for 23_ years at this point and although important to the NOI, he would be hardly remembered anyone else! In 2007, the Nation of Islam had an estimated membership of 20,00050,000. "Shinka" never actually existed, but there is a district called Shinkay in the Zabul Province of Afghanistan. According to Patrick D. Bowen, a PhD candidate at the University of Denver's Iliff School of Theology, fingerprints and photographs taken from San Quentin Prison matched those of Fard taken during the 1930s in Detroit; furthermore, in San Quentin he almost certainly came in contact with African American Muslim preachers and converts also incarcerated there. 1963. A variety of other claims emerged; that he went to Hawaii, New Zealand, and even to the Middle East. Some people probably think Elijah Muhammad did it himself, since he was pretty much the only person to have any kind of real relationship with Fard. He denounced white people and incited racial hatred. 1768, as located in "California, County Marriages, 18501952", index and images, FamilySearch (, FBI File SAC (100-26356) at 451473, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director FBI (105-63642) at 248, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director, FBI (25-330971) at 258, SAC Chicago (100-35635), Muhammad, Elijah (1964), Historic 1964 Buzz Anderson Interview, The Final Call, Muhammad, Jabril (1993) This is The One The Most Honored Elijah Muhammad We Need Not Look For Another, Vol. And those who follow the Apostle would see the Light. He disappeared in 1934 after several arrests in Detroit and Elijah Muhammad took over as leader of the Nation of Islam. WebMaster Fard's mysterious disappearance in 1934 led to an internal struggle for the leadership of the Nation of Islam among several contending factions. [35], A marriage certificate dated June 5, 1924, was issued to Wallie Dodd Ford and Carmen Trevino (or Trevio) in Santa Ana, California. To Mr. Fard alone do they offer prayer and sacrifice. In devouring his autobiography, I learned of the Nation of Islams charismatic and influential leader, the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, and of the large fissure that eventually split the organization over different interpretations of their tenets and goals. I did some digging and found an article in November 24, 1932 edition of the Escanaba Daily Press on the murder committed by Robert Harris. WebWallace Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad or Master Fard Muhammad (/ f r d /; reportedly born February 26, c. 1877 disappeared c. 1934), was the founder of the Nation of Islam. Thats not to say that anyone so amorphous is not capable of producing very absolute effects on history. He offered the media $100,000 if they could produce solid proof that Ford and Fard were the same person. He gave the exact birth of the white race; the name of their God who made them and how; and the end of their time, the judgment, how it will begin and end. Fard, facing possible charges, confessed that his teachings were dangerous and that he would use his influence to disband the ATI. In June 1934, Fard left Detroit for Chicago and disappeared without a trace. One minor but strange detail is that Wallace Ford's parents were born in Hawaii. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. Encyclopedia.com. He was described as of medium height and build with brown eyes and black hair. 1. The FBI file states: "Our investigation of the NOI and Fard failed to establish his birth date and birth place." When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. Thus ended the FBI investigation into Fard's early life. Apar, Farentino, Debrah 1961 (Deborah Farentino, Deborah Mullowney, Debra Mullowney, Debrah Mullowney), Faretta v. California 422 U.S. 806 (1975), Farewell to Manzanar: A True Story of Japanese American Experience during and after the World War II Internment. She also said she still kept in contact with Ford via letters she sent to his uncle in New Zealand. [8][29], Karl Evanzz of The Washington Post submitted a Freedom of Information Act request to the FBI in 1978 requesting its file on Fard. Hazel claimed he briefly returned to LA and lived with her before returning to New Zealand, from where she says he came. At this time, Ford was going under the name Fred Dodd, and operated a lunch wagon. . Ford's prison records indicated he was born in Portland in 1891, the son of a Zared and Beatrice Ford; Zared presumably being a South Asian or Middle Eastern man, and Beatrice being a white woman. 1997. The FBI maintained an open file on Fard Muhammad up until as late as 1960, according to documents published through the Freedom of Information Act. Fard taught that approximately 6,000 years ago a black scientist named Yakub conducted gene-manipulation experiments that resulted in the creation of the inferior white race. I don't know what to think. "[37] The FBI took note of the article written by Erdmann Doane Beynon, and it conducted a search for Fard using various aliases including the name "Ford". [34][bettersourceneeded], As of 1920, Ford was still living in Los Angeles as 26-year-old Wallie D. Ford, with his 25-year-old wife, Hazel E. Ford. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. It's possible him and Ford are the same guy. If in this way they obeyed Allah, he would take them back to the Paradise from which they had been stolen the Holy City of Mecca. rcel.type = 'text/javascript'; Otherwise he would chastise us with a severe chastisement until we did submit. Some blame the police, the FBI, or rival leaders within the NOI. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and made a living as a street merchant. However, Ford himself claimed to be from various places, including Spain and Hawaii. When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. WebMaster Fard's mysterious disappearance in 1934 led to an internal struggle for the leadership of the Nation of Islam among several contending factions. r d / (born February 26, 1877) was a co-founder of the Nation of Islam. An interesting piece of information that emerged from Elijah Muhammad's son is that Fard was an excellent cook and dietitian. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. The first is the expansion of Islamic statesthat is, states whose ruling elite consisted, Islam 22 Feb. 2023 . Others, however, suggest that he was killed by [Sheik Claude] Greene's partisans. He is not to be confused with, Beynon's account of Fard and his followers, Efforts to trace Fard's history 19141926. WebIn late 1933 or in 1934 Fardmysteriously disappeared from public record. Almost everyday we would have conversations (actually friendly debate) about his faith. Beynon described the substance of Fard's teaching as follows: "The black men in North America are not Negroes, but members of the lost tribe of Shabazz, stolen by traders from the Holy City of Mecca 379 years ago. "Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader Clegg, a history professor at the University of Indiana at Bloomington, responded: The version of the story that characterizes Fard as being of Pakistani descent and having a criminal background seems to have some validity, though neither allegation has been conclusively proven. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. How we had been made blind, deaf and dumb by this white race of people and how we must return to our people, our God and His religion of peace (Islam), the religion of the prophets. Officially, the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via supernatural means. This cursory bit of knowledge was enough to satisfy my curiosity for many years, during which my contact with the Nation of Islam was limited to regularly buying bean pies from neatly dressed men standing on Livernois who were also peddling the groups newspaper, The Final Call. He returned to Chicago, was arrested on charges of disturbing the peace through his preaching, and again returned to Detroit. The NOI teaches that Wallace Fard Muhammad was an avatar of Allah, who came to America to educate on this forgotten history. "[45] After the story was published, Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X subsequently charged black media outlets, which reprinted the accusation in large numbers, with running the story without requesting a response from the Nation of Islam. One member of the group, later declared mentally insane, allegedly participated in "human sacrifice" in 1932 in an effort to follow lessons regarding the sacrifice of devils. Fards First Temple of Islam included the Fruit of Islam, a military-like organization of black male converts, a Muslim Girls Training Corps Class and a University of Islam which, despite its name, was mainly focused on elementary and high-school level education. What seems most remarkable is that Fard seems to have utterly disappeared from the governments (especially the FBIs) radar after leaving Detroit in 1933. In 1934, he disappeared from public record, and Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as leader of the Nation of Islam. After Wallace had renamed the group the World Community of Al-Islam (one of many name changes to follow), Farrakhan was able to reconstitute the NOI under his own auspices in 1979. In Middlesex, Fard is revealed to be Desdemonas brother-in-law, who had been presumed dead after a rum-running incident. And that she is number one to be destroyed. There is no doubt Fard had many enemies - even within his own organization. After Elijah's death, Warith Deen appointed Abdullah imam of Mosque #77 in Oakland, California. Before arriving in Detroit in 1930, under the alias of David Ford, he attained a high rank in the Moorish Science Temple, a vaguely Islam-like religion that disbanded that same year. They must learn that they are the original people, noblest of the nations of the earth. A 1957 FBI report stated that Muhammad previously lived in Portland, Oregon, under the alias Fred Dodd, and in Los Angeles and Chicago as Wallie/Wallace Dodd Ford. Evanzz believes that Fard immigrated to the United States via Canada in 1913. [25][Note 2] Some of the lessons are in the form of questions asked by Fard to Elijah Muhammad. We must give up the slave names of our slave-masters and accept the name of Allah (God) or one of His divine attributes. It seems that there is room for even more study into the origins of the Nation of Islam this always fascinating, sometimes controversial, organization that has exerted considerable influence on Americas thoughts and dialogue for more than 70 years. https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/legal-and-political-magazines/fard-w-d-c-1877-1934-religious-and-political-leader, African American Religions: Muslim Movements, Muhammad, Elijah Karriem (18971975), Religious and Political Leader. However, Minister Malcolm X and other leaders of the Nation of Islam have emphatically denied any past connection whatsoever of Elijah Muhammad, Master Wallace Fard Muhammad, or their movement with Nobel Drew Ali's Moorish American Science Temple."[57]. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. But the Nation of Islam themselves reject the FBI's findings. Fard encouraged his followers not to drink alcohol or eat pork, which is standard practice for Muslims. Fard disappeared in 1934. I worked with a devout follower of the noi. Others have suggested that he was a Druze or a Shiite."[51]. When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. He disappeared in 1934 after several arrests in Detroit and Elijah Muhammad took over as leader of the Nation of Islam. var rcel = document.createElement("script"); WebThe FBIs FOIA Library contains many files of public interest and historical value. Modern Nation of Islam theology is based upon the belief that Fard's teaching of Elijah Muhammad was fulfillment of scripture regarding God's teaching of an Apostle, where Fard is described as "God in Person", the "Messiah", and the "Mahdi". "[25], Fard wrote several lessons which are read and committed to memory by members of the Nation of Islam. From here on, his teachings became increasingly venomous. [20], Beynon described disputes and tension that arose between the new community and the police over the group's refusal to send their children to public schools. Fard preached that blacks (who were not to be called Negroes) must prepare for an inevitable race war and that Christianity was the religion of slaveowners. This fits with Ford's former professions. Chameleon: The True Story of W.D. Free maps of USA towns - printable, unique, stylish, souvenir maps for download now! [8][9], Fard Muhammad, acting as a door-to-door travelling salesman, spread his religious teachings throughout Detroit, and within three years grew the movement to a reported 8,0009,000 members in Detroit, Chicago, and other cities. Wallace D. Fard, also called Walli Farrad, Farrad Mohammed, F. Mohammed Ali, or Wallace Fard Muhammad, (born c. 1877, Meccadied 1934? What seems most remarkable is that Fard seems to have utterly disappeared from the governments (especially the FBIs) radar after leaving Detroit in 1933. In as much as Elijah Muhammad recognizes W.D. There are two popular theories regarding Ford/Fard's background - that he was the child of a South Asian/Arabic man and a white woman, or the child of a Maori man and a white woman. [39], On October 17, 1957, the FBI located and interviewed Hazel Barton-Ford, Wallie Ford's common-law wife, with whom he had a son named Wallace Dodd Ford, born on September 1, 1920. Despite a lack of fame, Mr. Fards legacy lives on to this day whether most of us know it or not. He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. Both during and after his life, some charged that Fard was a con man who used mystery and charisma to swindle poor blacks by selling them new Muslim names and stirring up racial animosity[15] by copying selected elements of other Muslim religious sects and ideologies that would fit his racial supremacist narrative. WebFind out who lives on Wallace Rd, Oswego, KS 67356. Wallace Fard Muhammad was the founder of the Nation of Islam. Essien-Udom, E. U. Fard appears in the novel Middlesex, by Jeffrey Eugenides, in which Fard's Detroit Temple No. Fard, which contains 40 questions answered by Elijah Muhammad, one of the lost found in the wilderness of North America February 20th, 1934."[25]. Interestingly she had found a letter among his personal belongings addressed to one "Fred Dodd" of Portland. He lived in Los Angeles with a woman named Hazel Ford. Do you personally think Fard fled Detroit in the 1930s and lived on elsewhere, or do you think he was killed? He advocated community members to establish and own their own businesses,[13] eat healthy, raise families, and refrain from drugs and alcohol. Similarly, biblical prophecies and the teachings of Marcus Garvey and Noble Drew Ali were cited as foretelling the coming of the new prophet". Fard as being Allah (God) and claims that Fard is the source of all of his teachings, it is suggested that an exhaustive effort be made to fully identify and locate W. D. Fard and/or members of his family. On the other hand, in a speech made on April 1, 2001, titled The Greatness of Master Fard Muhammad, the Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan reiterated Fards origins in the Holy City of Mecca, and referred to him as the Mahdi, a man absolutely guided by God in the Islam faith. The Nation of Islam list Muhammads birthday as February 26, 1877, celebrated as a holiday called Saviours Day. His color is listed as White. According to the FBI report, Fords prison file lists his birthdate as February 25, 1891, and his parents as Zared and Beatrice of Hawaii. On a 1917 draft registration card, a Wallie Dodd Ford gave his birthplace as Shinka, Afghanistan. Omissions? 5 (54) He also taught us to give up all evil doings and practices and do righteousness or be destroyed from the face of the earth. But over time his ideology began to shift. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. It was an independent monarchy and other than a few missionaries and traders the population was almost entirely native Hawaiian. In addition to his assertion that Fard was Ford, Evanzz also said that Fard was once a member of the Moorish Science Temple of America,[53][54] citing as a primary source the 1945 publication by Arna Bontemps and Jack Conroy titled They Seek A City. Master Fard's mysterious disappearance in 1934 led to an internal struggle for the leadership of the Nation of Islam among several contending factions. He taught a unique form of religion which was based on Islam to members of the city's African-American population. All written records and documents that he or other people filled out on his behalf list him as white or caucasian. Whatever the case, Fard was a master at remaking himself and was apparently a very charismatic man. Middlesex, by Jeffrey Eugenides, in 1930 and made a living as a holiday called Saviours day Fard... Appointed Abdullah imam of Mosque # 77 in Oakland, California Elijah (!, Afghanistan to Chicago, was arrested on charges of disturbing the peace through preaching! Style rules, there may be some discrepancies would have conversations ( actually friendly debate ) about faith. Evanzz believes that Fard was a Druze or a Shiite. `` [ 51 ] //www.encyclopedia.com/religion/legal-and-political-magazines/fard-w-d-c-1877-1934-religious-and-political-leader, American... Detroit and Elijah Muhammad took over as leader of the Nation of Islam themselves reject the FBI 's.... Middle East Mosque # 77 in Oakland, California but strange detail is that Wallace Ford 's parents born. Abundant-Plenty of room for an RV, toys, and again returned to LA and lived on elsewhere or... $ 100,000 if they could produce solid proof that Ford and Fard failed to establish his date. Of Afghanistan absolute effects on history street merchant this article Pick a style below, and was a. Fard Muhammad was an excellent cook and dietitian be hardly remembered anyone else was a of. [ Moroccans ] ' birthplace as Shinka, Afghanistan even to the NOI believes Fard departed Earth via means. 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On his behalf list him as white or caucasian, in 1930 made...

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