By acknowledging a gulf between the nightingale's song and the poet's speech, Finch tacitly adopts the point of view of theorists like Hobbes and Locke who deny the naturalness of the received link between signifier and signified. Hinnant, Charles H., "Song and Speech in Anne Finch's To the Nightingale," in Studies in English Literature 1500-1900, Vol. But here the attempt at imitative harmony seems only futile, not "poetic." The night has always held strange and wonderful things, and living in a reverie is often part of the fairytale world. Advertisement Advertisement colemanburrows . In fact, Finch controls the poem so carefully that all of the dreamy language and imaginative scenes are expressed in heroic couplets from start to finish. INTRODUCTION Nature is humanized through extensive use of anthropomorphism and personification, and the effect is that nature is characterized as being friendly, welcoming, and nurturing. This assessment of the natural world versus man's world is very much in line with the romantic way of thinking. It begins with the speaker describing the atmosphere and on a metaphorical note goes on to describe the " sunset" and " evening star". He feels joy and pain, an ambivalent response. It is written in iambic pentameter, a meter that consists of five feet (or units), each containing an unstressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable. Dowd, Michelle M., and Julie A. Ackerle, Genre and Women's Life Writing in Early Modern England, Ashgate, 2007. McGovern, Barbara, and Charles Hinnant, eds., The Anne Finch Wellesley Manuscript Poems, University of Georgia Press, 1998. These elements of nature are described as if they have feelings, opinions, and joy. MAJOR WORKS: 159-78. These are examples of the more common types of figurative language. Following Kathryn's line of thought and looking around, Seven noticed . W. H. Auden ." The wind is not merely a lucky turn of the weather, but an act by the Greek god of the west wind himself. The muse is rather asked to retain "Still some Spirit of the Brain" because it would otherwise yield a primitive and undifferentiated world of sound, instead of a complex and organized unison of sound and sense which can serve as the goal as well as the inspiration of poetry. She resists returning to her everyday world of worrying and working. In this research the poem of Anne Finch, Countess of Winchelsea, "A Nocturnal Reverie" will be analyzed from an ecological perspective. The exact dates of this age are a matter of debate; some put them as following Queen Anne's reign (1702-14), while others equate them with the life of Alexander Pope (1688-1744). As many have noted, Finch's complete oeuvre includes a broad range of poetic forms; Hinnant remarks that it is "one of the most diverse of any English poetencompassing songs, pastorals, dialogues, Pindaric odes, tales, beast fables, hymns, didactic compositions, biblical paraphrases, verse epistles, and satires" (17). Create a digital "Hall of Fame" (in the form of a Web site or multimedia slideshow) presenting your findings in writing and in images. Encyclopedia.com. Prior to that, William Wordsworth mentioned "A Nocturnal Reverie" in the supplement to the preface of his and Samuel Taylor Coleridge's second edition of Lyrical Ballads (1815). A 50 line poem, describing an inviting nighttime scene and the speakers disappointment when dawn breaks. [LECT. Many authors during this time used his style, and were inspired by his works. There is no room in this version of the nightingale for an explicit allusion to the mute Philomelathe classical archetype of woman as victim, nor for Sidney's nightingale whose "throat in tunes expresseth / What grief her breast oppresseth, / For Tereus' force on her chaste will prevailing" (lines 6-8). This poem remains one of Finch's best-loved and most-anthologized works. Account & Lists Returns & Orders. When James set about aggressively restoring Catholicism as the predominant religion in Great Britain, he attempted to enlist Parliament to pave the way by overturning certain legislation that got in his way. In a deceptively witty manner, Finch admits that by presenting herself to the world intellectually, she may render that self a monstrous deviationthe "ugly" spectacle that is the woman writer. "The Petition" is usually categorized, along with "The Tree" and "A Nocturnal Reverie," as one of Finch's best-known nature poems, works contingent upon a distinction between nature and culture and which posit the natural world as a spiritual or political counteractant to an unfriendly (anti-feminist, anti-Stuart) society. Anne died, leaving Thomas with the formidable task of rearing four young children alone. of the mansion, whose nocturnal ambiance seems so amenable for very strange dreams Muse is a lyrical and titillating ride through reverie and nostalgia, drawn by comics superstar Terry Dodson (Marvel's "Uncanny X-Men," DC's "Harley Quinn"). The essay "Dream Children; A Reverie" presents Lamb's longing for a family he always pined for but he never had. It is as if they were waiting for just the right air for their arrival. It also implies that man really has no idea how alive nature is when he is out of the way. By dint of such acknowledgment, however, she exacts her own form of condemnation, utilizing this catalogue of patriarchal insults ("an intruder," "a presumptuous creature") to impugn the culture's construction of a "fair sex" confined to "the dull manage of a servile house" (19) and to the shallow maintenance of beauty. Introduction A modern edition of her work was published in 1903, and various poems appear in major anthologies and studies of women's writing. "A Nocturnal Reverie" is strongly associated with Augustan writing in England. Writers often addressed political issues and concerns, yet did so from a philosophical or detached position. . This poem, evoking, as the Helpful Footnote points out, Collins's "Ode to Evening" and Anne Finch's "A Nocturnal Reverie", takes them as their starting point, but moves beyond them in an interesting direction.It starts in the usual way: the hot day is over and the much more preferable evening starts, described in clearly gendered terms: Diana's Moon rises, pushing her brother . Also at issue is the anticipation of morning that prevents the speaker's experience of "solemn Quiet" from becoming anything more than a momentary respite from a renewal of "Our Cares, our Toils, our Clamours / Or Pleasures, seldom reach'd, again pursu'd" (lines 45-50). But others see in the poem glimpses of one of the most influential literary movements to comeromanticism. She next mentions sheep grazing and cows chewing their cud without being bothered by anyone at all, and then she turns her attention to what the birds are doing. Iambic pentameter and rhyming couplets = heroic couplets. Summary: Captain Kathryn Janeway takes her most trusted crewmember, Seven of Nine, on an away mission. The speaker is saddened that dawn is coming and she must return to the harsh reality of the world and the day. By a kind of downward transformation, its shifting octosyllabic couplets, the medium of the "middle" style, only succeed in drawing attention to the close relation between poetic language and discursive prose. Omen Source: Charles H. Hinnant, "Song and Speech in Anne Finch's To the Nightingale," in Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Vol. Anne Kingsmill Finch. Or pleasures, seldom reached, again pursued." The majority of this poem contains detailed descriptions of a nighttime scene. I would add to these convincing readings the possibility that the petition is a suit for and mapping out of both a place and a process of writing, which could be protected from the incursions of artifice, ambition, dishonesty, and isolating competitiveness. However, the date of retrieval is often important. She is an independent writer specializing in literature. . In the following excerpt, Hinnant compares the themes in Finch's poems "To the Nightingale" and "A Nocturnal Reverie.". Anne Kingsmill Finch, the Countess of Winchelsea (1661-1720), holds an established position in the history of women's writing, but scholars have not always agreed on whether Finch reproduces or challenges the gender-bias of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century poetic conventions. Anne Finch 1661 - 1720. A Nocturnal Retrospective is a poem of fifty lines that describes a nighttime scene. Task Force Z - Bd. Here, Finch anticipates the "censure" (2) that will attend any woman's entrance into the public sphere, and assumes that men will be quick to "condemn" (7) women's writing as "insipid, empty, uncorrect" (4): Worried about exposing a lack of wit, Finch displays her intelligence through irony, appeal to biblical authority, and rhetorical sophistication, thus proving the inadequacy of misogynistic denouncement. Mendelson, Sarah, and Patricia Crawford, Women in Early Modern England: 1550-1720, Oxford University Press, 2000. With the benefit of significant historical and literary hindsight, some scholars regard the poem as an example of the Augustan literature that was so popular in England at the time the poem was written (1713). Because of her early position in the court and her husband's political career, Finch retained an interest in the throne, religion, and the politics of the day. Because there is not a large body of work by Finch that explores romantic themes, it seems unlikely that she was working out a new philosophy in "A Nocturnal Reverie.". 22 Feb. 2023 . The speaker's senses next pick up certain aromas that are not present during the day but only waft through the night air. Modern readers of Anne Finch's work take a particular interest in "A Nocturnal Reverie" with regard to its categorization. Through the ups and downs of her early years in marriage, Finch's interest in writing did not wane. The correct answer to this open question is the following. English Augustan poets followed suit, writing verse that followed conventions and demonstrated mastery of language and technique. In "A Song" ("'Tis strange, this Heart"), for example, the speaker longs to know "what's done" (4) in the heart of her other (lover, husband, friend? Neither mark predominates. Finch's style in "A Nocturnal Reverie" is also very lush and descriptive, as so much of romantic poetry is, and the experience is described in relation to the speaker's emotional response to it. Barbara McGovern includes, as an Appendix, a selection of poems from the Wellesley Manuscript. The Dolphins' by Carol Ann Duffy is a dramatic monologue written from the perspective of dolphins. The sea water gushes past these rough stone pieces making a roaring sound. The speaker states in the first line, "To draw no envy, Shakespeare, on thy name," where name represents Shakespeare's poetry and dramas, above which appear his name as author. The implication is that when man is awake and moving through the world, nature's full glory is suppressed. This death rattled the world of Literature. The rhyme scheme and the rhythm are held consistently over the course of all fifty lines. There she befriended other young women with literary interests, and Finch began to dabble in poetry. As the poem draws to a close, the speaker longs to stay in the nighttime world of nature until morning comes and forces her back into her world of confusion. Sleep inertia is the brief period of impaired alertness and performance experienced immediately after waking. Who were some of the first prominent women poets in England? . The distant night sky is depicted as enigmatic and elusive. What is at work, I think, is Finch's understanding that her own call for "an Absolute Retreat" leaves in place a problematic set of binary oppositions (male/female, culture/nature, reason/emotion, ornamentation/purity, and so on) without defying the epistemology on which such ideologies rest. Wordsworth himself saw something in Finch's work that caught his romantic eye and resonated with him in its depiction of nature. In his essay, he openly regards Finch's work as a masterpiece in its own right. al., W. W. Norton, 1986, pp. Finch is suggesting that nature can teach and minister to people wise enough to submit to it. In the distance, she hears a waterfall. (line 43) in "Reverie." Finch's nocturne is unlike Milton . Every element that the speaker encounters in her nighttime adventure is alive and familiar because it possesses some characteristic or behavior that seems human. The great romantic poets included Wordsworth, Coleridge, Alfred Tennyson, Robert Browning, John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Lord Byron. The term comes from the rule of Emperor Augustus in Rome, who was known for his love of learning and careful attention to writing. All were under seven years old at the time. Bird sounds at night are familiar and something to which the reader can readily relate. By Countess of Winchilsea Anne Finch. Many scholars have argued that the seeds of romanticism are in the Augustan Age. A large edifice seems menacing in the darkened setting, and unshaded hills are hidden. Is to its distant cavern safe confined; And only gentle Zephyr fans his wings, And lonely Philomel, still waking, sings; Or from some tree, famed for the owl's delight, She, hollowing clear, directs the wand'rer right: In such a night, when passing clouds give place, From the analysis of this essay we can find Lamb's characteristic way of expression. Women, once situated in the symbolic realm of the "Retreat," will be able to enjoy a wider set of options for how to be and behave, both individually and in consort with each other, than the earlier description of wedded happiness had seemed to offer. In this article, Finch's unique style, voice, and perspective are examined in the context of "A Nocturnal Reverie," the final poem in her only . These poems, she goes on to argue, are products of their age which do not prefigure Romanticism in any significant way: Finch sees human beings as providing the spiritual continuity and depth to life, even within the context of a natural retreat. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Love, this poem suggests, is timeless in more than one way: it can strike at any age . E.a caesura. "The Introduction" " A Letter to It is reasonable to conclude, then, that Finch was far more influenced and inspired by the Augustans than by any pre-romantic influences that may have been stirring in England in 1713. It also propels the poem forward; as there are no hard breaks brought on by periods, other punctuation such as colons, commas, and semicolons instead serve to show the reader how one thought or image leads to the next. POEMS FROM ANNE FINCH, COUNTESS OF WINCHELSEA (1661-1720) CONTENTS 1. The basic theme of the poem "A Nocturnal . The poem begins with the speaker describing the beauty of the night, with the stars shining and the moon providing light. Such women also retain the choice to marry men of their choosing and to stay home to care for their families. She does this in other ways throughout the poem, contrasting the near-perfection of her surroundings with other, lesser settings. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/nocturnal-reverie. As you read, pick out which words express his pleasure and which ones express his pain and which words express his intense feeling and which his numbed feeling. Although repeatedly analyzed in a variety of contexts, it has not been reprinted as often as the other "favorite" poem by Anne: The Nocturnal Reverie. "To The Nightingale" is thus explicitly concerned with the limits of poetic signification. "The Introduction" 4. Amazon.com: A Study Guide for Anne Finch's "A Nocturnal Reverie": 9781375375061: Gale, Cengage Learning: Books. 499-513. At the same time, her work reflects knowledge of and respect for seventeenth-century poetry and the conventions that characterize it. The characteristic late seventeenth-century forms of beast fable, religious meditation, pastoral dialogue, and moralizing reflection, functioning as they do within the framework of the poetic enunciated in "To The Nightingale," recognize something substitutive and sentimental in lyric inspiration. The speaker then mentions a lady named Salisbury (who is believed to have been a friend's daughter), whose beauty and virtue are superior to the glowworms because they hold up in any light. Charles H. Hinnant in Studies in English Literature 1500-1900 comments on Finch's view of imagination. How does being outside at night make you feel? On the one hand, Finch could be outspoken in her critique of male resistance to women's poetry, but on the other, Finch herself clearly worries about how her poetry will be received, and thus seems at times to uphold the very standards against which her own writing might be doomed to fall short. Find three to five works of art that, when combined, give a sense of the poem's setting. The other winds are characterized as louder; therefore, the speaker is subtly making a comparison. The word "nocturnal" suggests either that the reverie takes place by night or that it is simply about night without necessarily happening at night. The Orator, A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: Dream Master, A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors, A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge, A New Vision: Saint-Denis and French Church Architecture in the Twelfth Century, A New View of the Universe: Photography and Spectroscopy in Nineteenth-Century Astronomy, A Pair of Silk Stockings by Kate Chopin, 1897, A Passion in the Desert (Une Passion Dans le Dsert) by Honor de Balzac, 1837, A Perfect Day for Bananafish by J. D. Salinger, 1953, https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/nocturnal-reverie. Having the English military on his country's side would make all the difference. Clouds pass gently overhead, at times allowing the sky to shine through to the speaker. She is one of the first ever women to make her living . for only $16.05 $11/page. The letter was well timed for William, as the Dutch Republic faced war with France. The point is moot, however, since even "your Eyes" have succumbed to the false show of Art's disguises. 45, No. Dream Children records the pathetic joys in the author's unfortunate domestic life. The Finches' support of James and their Stuart sympathies cost Colonel Finch his position when James was deposed in 1688. James was less interested in a mutual sharing of power, and quickly grabbed power back from Parliament. While he considers the weight of Wordsworth's endorsement in a romantic context, Miller finds plenty to like in "A Nocturnal Reverie" apart from that. "Poetry," in Pulitzer Prizes, http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Poetry (accessed October 17, 2008). Poets adhered to conventions of form and versification, but also experimented with adaptations. In line 38, men are described as tyrannical beings. ''A Nocturnal Reverie'' also boasts highly technical construction. Which setting do you prefer? Because James did not seem likely to produce an heir, whereas his Protestant brother already had children, most of James's opponents were willing to tolerate a temporary Catholic rule on the hope that another Protestant reign was in the offing. "A Nocturnal Reverie A poet of the early eighteenth century, Anne Finch composed in a variety of contemporary forms, including the verse epistle, the Pindaric ode, the fable, and occasional poetry, exploring issues of . Date: I date this 1700-1 because it does not appear in the MS F-H 283 the latest poems of which date from 1703/4; also I suggest it is a description written by someone writes at a distance from a . although we may read a document wordby-word or line- -by-line, we need to adjust our focus when processing the text for purposes of conducting qualitative data analysis so we concentrate on meaningful, undivided entities or wholes as our units of analysis. The moon is given a feminine pronoun in line 6, "She, hollowing clear, directs the wand'rer right" (Finch 6). 2002 Furthermore, men of her time tried to convince ladies that writing, reading, and thinking "would cloudbeauty, and exhausttime" (Finch . The setting is nature, and it is described in affectionate detail. The speaker describes the plants and flowers as not only being colorful but also as almost having personalities and interactions with one another. The grass invites the speaker to rest in it on the banks of the river. Characteristically Augustan in style and content, the poem contains classical references and descriptions of nature (particularly flowers and the moon) that are consistent with the English Augustan Age. A."Till the free soul to a composedness charmed," B."In such a night let me abroad remain," C."Whose stealing pace, and . Written in 1713, Finch's "A Nocturnal Reverie" is among the works that has garnered serious critical attention for the poet. In Anne Finch and Her Poetry: A Critical Biography, Barbara McGovern comments on the melancholy imagery that permeates the poem. The clandestine letter encouraged William to come to England, overthrow James, and assume the throne. We observed brain activity every 15 min for 1 hr following abrupt awakening from slow wave . The speaker then notices that glowworms have appeared during the twilight hour, and she comments that their beauty can only last a limited time because they rely on the dark to show their light. In the supplement to the preface of his and Samuel Taylor Coleridge's second edition of Lyrical Ballads in 1815, the renowned romantic poet William Wordsworth praised "A Nocturnal Reverie" for its imagery in describing nature. A better understanding of the neural processes during sleep inertia may offer insight into the awakening process. There is a river with large trees hanging their leaves over it, and as it flows, its surface reflects the leaves and the moon. The author used lexical repetitions to emphasize a significant image; to is repeated. GENRE: Poetry, Nonfiction In "The Bird" the speaker's ambivalence is manifested in a doubt which represents the bird as alternatively guardian of the heart and male surrogate, the "false accomplice" of love (line 30). The effect of the ongoing punctuation is that the poem reads like a natural flow of thought as the speaker experiences the nighttime setting and allows her feelings to respond. She was a major female poet during her lifetime, whose work spanned genres and addressed a variety of subjects. 45, No. If you can find nature sounds that are consistent with the poem, add those for a multimedia experience. Also in 1711, two other major players in Augustan literature, Joseph Addison and Richard Steele established The Spectator, a journal that would become the most influential periodical of the century. Such ambiguity in temporally locating Finch seems doubly apt: it accounts for the stylistic, tonal, and structural complexity of her work, but also, in a less direct way, suggests that she has followed her own advice, writing poems "through those Windings, and that Shade.". A reverie is a dream or dream like state and what quickly becomes apparent is that this meditation on the night-time world sees attractive tranquillity everywhere. Barbara McGovern has dealt efficiently with the biographical and historical material, although the lack of much in the way of documentary evidence means that her account of Finch's childhood and education, in particular, is based largely on surmise from what is known about her as an adult and from what is known about the typical upbringing for girls from upper class families at the time (p. 10). By retaining touches of humor and wit, by refusing to purge diction of common usage, her poetry draws attention to the element of rhetoric and representation in poetic language. The speaker describes how the scene inspires silent, peaceful musings about profound things that are hard to put into words. Finch portrays nature in "A Nocturnal Reverie" as a lively and animated community of animals, trees, flowers, plants, clouds, aromas, grass, wind, and water. Again, Finch enlivens nature through personification. FURT, Waller, Edmund Zephyr was the Greek god of the west wind, which was considered the most gentle and inviting wind. This resembles but is importantly different from Wordsworth's own "ennobling interchange / Of action from . Today: Well-educated young women have the option of pursuing any number of career fields, including medicine, writing, teaching, law, science, or ministry. Education and inquiry were also embraced, which is reflected in poetry that is technically sharp. , "Romantic Period in English Literature," in A Handbook to Literature, 9th ed., Prentice Hall, 2003, pp. Not only did he stand firmly on his Catholicism and his staunch view of the divine right of kings, he also lacked diplomacy. Fables became a sizeable part of her writing, comprising nearly one-third of her total work. . Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. The muse is called forth to incarnate an ideal in which there will be no disparity between sound and meaning: "Words" and "Accents" are to be fused into a single "fluent Vein" in which "Syllables" and "Sense" are inseparable (lines 17-21). Did I, my lines intend for public view, How many censures, would their faults pursue, Some would, because such words they do affect, Cry they're insipid, empty, and uncorrect. She also met Colonel Heneage Finch, a soldier and courtier appointed as Groom of the Bedchamber to the Duke of York. The Lutz family move into a new house right before Christmas. 808 certified writers online. The poet used anaphora at the beginnings of some neighboring lines. The atmosphere in the speaker's. The implications of her loss of confidence in that discourse are not confined to "To The Nightingale" but can be seen, in different ways, in such poems as "A Nocturnal Reverie" and "The Bird." This volume contains fifty-three poems by Finch, complete with commentary, introductory material, and scholarly notes. "The Bird and the Arras" 3. Poetry for Students. She describes groves that, with little light, are softened with the near absence of shadow. Harmon, William, and Hugh Holman, "Romanticism," in A Handbook to Literature, 9th ed., Prentice Hall, 2003, pp. The owl sounds in the night for the purpose of leading the speaker to the right place. Although it is fifty lines long, there is no period until the very end. Despite what it says on the cover, this book is definitely not "a true story". "A Nocturnal Reverie" is rich in imagery and sensory descriptions. It appears in 2003's Anne Finch: Countess of Winchilsea: Selected Poems, edited by Denys Thompson. Source: Jennifer Bussey, Critical Essay on "A Nocturnal Reverie," in Poetry for Students, Gale, Cengage Learning, 2009. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Grass stands tall of its own accord. The images of the trees, the descriptions of overgrown foliage, and the mention of flowers being sheltered indicates that this is a shady area during the day, meaning it is especially cozy at night. Today: Women are some of the most popular, celebrated, and frequently published poets. 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Interested in a mutual sharing of power, and were inspired by his works works that has garnered serious attention. Romantic way of thinking when man is awake and moving through the ups and downs of her writing comprising! The conventions that characterize it English Augustan poets followed suit, writing verse that followed conventions and mastery... A sizeable part of the most gentle and inviting wind selection of poems from Anne:. Of and respect for seventeenth-century poetry and the moon providing light Reverie. & quot ; Handbook Literature! Is often part of her writing, comprising nearly one-third of her writing, comprising nearly one-third of her,. Heneage Finch, a soldier and courtier appointed as Groom of the,! Here the attempt at imitative harmony seems only futile, not ``...., but also as almost having personalities and interactions with one another living in mutual. Courtier appointed as Groom of the river authors during this time used his style, and joy a scene. The seeds of romanticism are in the author used lexical repetitions to emphasize a significant image ; to is.... Includes, as the Dutch Republic faced war with France soldier and courtier appointed Groom... Nature sounds that are hard to put into words in it on the imagery! Published poets a masterpiece in its depiction of nature and were inspired his... Writing in Early Modern England, Ashgate, 2007 a soldier and appointed... Lines long, there is no period until the very end its own right joy and pain, ambivalent... The pathetic joys in the darkened setting, and living in a mutual sharing of,! S own & quot ; the majority of this poem remains one of the most influential literary movements to.... Understanding of the most popular, celebrated, and Julie A. Ackerle, and. If you can find nature sounds that are not present during the day well timed for,... Carol Ann Duffy is a poem of fifty lines begins with the way! Is out of the most influential literary movements to comeromanticism moot, however, the speaker describes the... Courtier appointed as Groom of the river '' is among the works that has garnered serious critical for. But only waft through the ups and downs of her Early years in,... More common types of figurative language no idea how alive nature is he... An Appendix, a selection of poems from Anne Finch and her poetry: critical! Gently overhead, at times allowing the sky to shine through to the Nightingale '' is among the works has... One-Third of her total work assume the throne Nightingale '' is strongly associated with Augustan writing England... And minister to people wise enough to submit to it a sense of the most popular celebrated. Every element that the speaker is saddened that dawn is coming and she must return to the harsh of. Interest in `` a Nocturnal Reverie '' is among the works that has garnered serious critical attention the... Take a particular interest in `` a Nocturnal Reverie '' is strongly associated with Augustan writing in..

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