starbucks profit margin on a cup of coffee

According to the study, a coffee shop will earn approximately 60 cents for every dollar spent on a $3.65 Cappuccino Grande. The second important aspect of keeping profit margins high is increasing revenue. The coffee space is competitive, with coffee shops, coffee stands and home-brew products found in abundance. On a typical day, Starbucks stores make a profit of $ 520 on coffee sales. In Asia, where Starbucks is known as a luxury and high-end coffee brand, it costs $7 a cup. In our interactive dashboard Starbucks Expenses: How Does Starbucks Spend Its Money?, we take a look at the key drivers of Starbucks expenses and net margins. People are willing to pay a high price for a cup of Starbucks coffee, despite the high cost of coffee itself. A cup of home-brewed coffee costs between 16 cents and 18 cents. How long does it take for a coffee shop to make money? On average, a coffee shop will see a profit margin of about 12% on every coffee product that they sell. Yes, there are several Starbucks coffee shops around the world. The coffee is roasted by adding the raw beans to the coffee roaster, as stated in the manual. Giving out more employee benefits also influenced the decision to increase coffee prices. Profit Margin is calculated using Net Income/Revenue. In the United Kingdom, Starbucks prices are slightly more expensive. A fairly common mistake made by new business owners is that they tend to focus solely on revenue instead while ignoring the companys total costs. In other words, $0.01 per employee costs a lot of money. Well, theyre not. Coffee shops, according to the study, earn around 60 cents per cup for each $3.65 Cappuccino Grande. The question remains, however, what are the profit margins for a coffee shop per drink? Instead, one of the biggest profit margins is made by the companies exporting the coffee. Starbucks earns more than 20% of its revenue from coffee sales, which account for over 90% of its overall sales. For example, a company may have made $1.2 million in sales in a year, which is fantastic. Be the first to know when we publish new content on the blog and get exclusive Members Only content & giveaways. According to Market Watch, Americans drink more coffee than any other packaged beverage product, with an incredible 88.8 gallon-per-capita consumption rate in 2016. So, let's determine the cost of our coffee: 4 lbs. As a result, even though the beans might not be of premium quality, they tend to have a great, uniform taste no matter where you go. The price of a cup of coffee varies from place to place. As a result, Starbucks can cover its production costs (including employee salaries and benefits, rent, and other overhead costs) with 27 cents of each dollar of revenue. Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "ab49ada1042ee55929d2d78f953c7bde" );document.getElementById("f7847b31c6").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Assuming you would like an introduction to an article discussing Starbucks profit on a cup of coffee: A cup of Starbucks coffee costs around $2.50. Famed hedge fund manager Bill Ackman of Pershing Square. A small coffee shop owner can expect to earn between $60,000 and $200,000 per year. 6. All told the corporate coffee chains took down over 15 small independent coffee shops and kiosks and I was the last one standing and thriving. Kong. There is no firm standard for what you should use as markup percentage. Total expenses have trended steadily higher from around $18.5 billion in 2016 to about $22.9 billion in 2019. Youll have to factor in the cost of the coffee production as well as 80% of that cost, so youll set the price per cup. This means that for every $1 spent on a cup of Starbucks coffee, the company makes a profit of 10 cents. Employees receive $0.01 for every dollar worked by direct labor for support staff, baristas, and cashiers. The profit margin on coffee is the difference between the cost of the coffee beans and the selling price of the coffee. Each additional cup of coffee is profitable for Starbucks. You only pay $1 for coffee at Starbucks, but the franchise will charge you at least 80% more. (Photo by Budrul Chukrut/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images). It costs Starbucks approximately $2.75 to make a grande frappuccino. Coffee is one of humanitys favorite drinks, helping us keep our energy up and giving us a good way to start the day. Increasing prices by a few cents can make a significant difference in revenue. Step 1: Find your revenue for the period Step 2: Deduct your costs from your revenue Step 3: Take that number from step 2 and divide it by the number from step one As a result, Starbucks net profit on a cup of coffee is about $0.30. Half of the coffee is consumed by Ethiopians, and the country leads the continent in domestic consumption. Starbucks has a love-hate relationship with its cups. As a result, Starbucks marginal cost for making a cup of coffee is $1.00. This is an excellent profit margin. There are numerous markups to be used for different products. A Starbucks franchise owner is paid $120,000 per year by one location. They sell lots of coffee to people on the go, and that is how they make money. The net profit margin for the years 2016-2019 will be determined in order to analyze any changes after the alliance with Starbucks. Starbucks operating margin is 16%. Subtract the cost from the revenue and divide the difference by the original cost to get the margin. Silverstone debunked Starbucks' claim that it must charge extra for vegan milktypically $.50 or more per cupdue to the higher cost it pays for plant-based milk as compared to dairy, pointing out that Starbucks' profit margin on a cup of plain coffee is 90 percent. Buyers in the United States pay around $20 to $30 per pound for coffee. If you follow these steps correctly, then you should end up with your profit margin for the period you are calculating it for. This highlights the massive potential of this market segment. What Is the Percent of Profit Margin That Retailers Expect From Jewelry? Starbucks employees have a fair wage, are well compensated, and have access to a variety of growth and advancement opportunities. How Do Supermarkets Determine Markup on Produce & Cigarettes? The profitability of Starbucks in Europe is one-third of that in North. Coffee from Starbucks is one of the cheapest in the United States. As a result, Starbucks profits on each cup of coffee they sell are very healthy. Want to learn more about Starbucks? Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. A coffee only shop can price similar to their competitors or focus on delivering specialty drinks and high quality coffee at a higher price. Many have questioned the company's decision to raise prices, since coffee futures have dropped, and . This must factor into your pricing strategy and the cost. The location itself accounts for a significant portion of startup costs, at 15 percent of the total sales projections. We have developed a break even calculator to help carry out the coffee shop . In terms of price, the milk, which accounts for 20 2/3 of the beverage, is the same as the coffee. This means Consumer Discretionary%27s costs of production (including employee salaries and benefits, rent, and other overhead expenses)%27s revenue is covered by 39.1%. That means that for every dollar that Starbucks spends on coffee beans, they charge about three dollars for a cup of coffee. This is an excellent profit margin. Hot Cup Factory, a relatively new online wholesaler in the coffee shop industry, began in 2011. I (like you may be) knew the coffee industry well. markup percentage in the majority of industries is 80%. You can get coffee cup sleeves with your company logo for $1,500 plus tax. Profit margin is a measure of how much money a company or business will make after all expenses are covered. The major markets for Ethiopian coffee are the EU (about half of exports), East Asia (about a quarter) and North . As a whole, a coffee shop will enjoy a profit margin of 25%, or on average between $55,000 and $100,000 in profit. How do you calculate profit margins? Starbucks has a Gross Profit Margin of 27.0%, making it one of the best performing chains in the world. What are affordable wholesale suppliers of high quality coffee cups? You may opt-out by. Free refills will decrease margins but buyers with personal cups will increase margins. To calculate your coffee shop's profit margin, use the following equation: monthly sales x profit margin = profit . Despite the fact that a bank loan allows you to cover all of your expenses, banks are notoriously difficult to get back when you request a loan. There are very few busin Continue Reading The following are product markups for various products. The CEO of Starbucks, Kevin Johnson, warns the public of more price increases this year because of inflation. A cup of coffee at home will set you back between 16 cents and 18 cents. Prices in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and Ireland, on the other hand, are also higher. Here are some of the takeaways you can apply to your own business: 1. Stores in the U.S. and China comprised 62% of the company's global portfolio at the end of the fourth . Shops with food and other products may offer a lower price to encourage foot traffic, while pushing the upsell on these offerings. Furthermore, a coffee cart has consistently produced good returns, reaching profits of $45,000 or more. Coffee Mugs Matter: Unlocking The Science Behind The Mug-Coffee Relationship, Unlock The Perfect Cup Of Coffee: A Guide To Selecting The Right Grind For Your Coffee Brewer, Grinding Coffee Beans For The Perfect Cup: A Guide To Unlocking Delicious Flavors, Brewing The Perfect Cup: How To Remove Burnt Coffee From A Glass Pot And Avoid Disaster, Explore The Possible Benefits Of Dark Roast Coffee For Constipation Relief, 14481 Redmond-wood rd ne Woodinville, WA 98027. Sent to your inbox every Friday! Please check your download folder. There are different prices for Starbucks drinks depending on where you buy them, but a tall cappuccino in the United States costs around $3. Starbucks%27s revenue grew by 12% in 2019 to $26.5 billion. To calculate the profit margins for any business, all you have to do is follow a few simple steps. A quick search on Google will reveal that a 12 oz. Current and historical net profit margin for Starbucks (SBUX) from 2010 to 2022. For FY21, Starbucks reaffirmed its GAAP EPS range of $2.34 to $2.54 and non-GAAP EPS range of $2.70 to $2.90 (both inclusive of a $0.10 impact attributable to the 53 rd week). How much profit does Starbucks make per cup of coffee? In general, Starbucks is a good company that makes a lot of money and is doing well in the market. The company spends about $0.80 on labor and $0.60 on materials for each cup. As an Assistant Manager of Starbucks Coffee at Applegreen, you are key to the success of your store. Starbucks had to give more paid sick leaves to employees who struggled during the pandemic. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, Starbucks%27s Return on Assets (annualized) was 14.20%. If you use our chart images on your site or blog, we ask that you provide attribution via a "dofollow" link back to this page. The Profit Starbucks Makes 80% of Starbucks' revenue comes from the 15,000 total coffee shops it owns all over the world. I had to figure out so many things on my own and to make it worse within 2 years of opening two large corporate coffee chains moved in just blocks away from me! Starbucks coffee might be a little more expensive than other craft coffee shops, but in general, its considered pretty standard for coffee shop prices. Will is a true digital nomad, taking his work on the road at every opportunity. Hence why I started this website you are on now. Gross and Net Profit Margins for Nestl (2016-2019) (In millions of CHF) 30 2016 Gross profit = 45,587 Net profit = 12,526 Sales Revenue = 89,469 GPM = 45587/89469 = 0.510 x 100% = 51.0% 30 "Publications . As of July 1, Starbucks hourly wages ranged from $9.75 for an Attendant to $35.81 for an Automation Specialist. Coffee is a high-demand product, and it's also a product that relies heavily on profit margins. 4 Alternatives You Can Do, All about Starbucks franchise opportunities and costs, Starbucks Franchise Fees 2022 (Simple Analysis & Stats). Backlinks from other websites are the lifeblood of our site and a primary source of new traffic. At a company-owned store (the vast majority of which are franchised), an employee can expect to earn around $3,800 per day. When it comes to coffee, there are a lot of different ways to make it. The gross profit margin for Peets, a competitor, is 25%. Coffee bean prices topped US$3 per pound in 2011, which was the highest price in 34 years. Operating margin of 43.9% decreased from 48.7% in the prior year, as North American Coffee Partnership joint venture income declined New York CNN Business . For coffee, the markup is usually around 300%, meaning that for every $1 spent on coffee beans and labor, the company will make $3 in revenue. Its worth it, trust us. Starbucks had a profit margin of 32 percent in China-Asia Pacific in its second quarter, compared to 21 percent in the Americas and 2 percent in Europe, Middle East and Africa, said the CCTV report. The net profit margin for a high-end fashion store is quite low, despite the fact that it is more expensive than casual clothing. On average, it will take about three years before a coffee shop will see any profits at all. How much should you charge for a small coffee cup? Starbucks Corp. gross profit margin ratio improved from 2020 to 2021 but then slightly deteriorated from 2021 to 2022. Competition from low-cost coffee retailers. The location, which accounts for approximately 15% of total sales projections, is significant in terms of startup costs. In addition, coffee shops are typically more expensive to run than other types of food businesses. A Starbucks coffee costs between $2 and $4. This reaches $3,800 daily in all the company-owned stores and $520 per day per store. This is in the same range as other franchise opportunities. That said, even at 50 to 75 cents per cup, the margins remain excellent. Starbucks success can be attributed to a focus on sustainable and profitable growth. But, what does that mean in terms of markup? To learn about how long it takes to start a coffee shop, click here. Starbucks's latest twelve months gross profit margin is 27.9%. A coffee cup sleeve with your companys logo is available for $1,500 plus tax. The retailer custom roasts green coffee beans from all over the world after purchasing them from various regions. Instead, they are in charge of licensing, as well as offering food services. A cup of coffee would cost between $25 and $50 in markup. There are different types of coffee shops. Because of free refill offers, margins are reduced, but margins are increased with personal cup purchases. Light Roast Vs Dark Roast: Which Is The Perfect Choice For Your Bulletproof Coffee? Buying in bulk will allow you to receive a lower unit price on all of your coffee products. You can base your prices on the size of each cup of coffee youre offering. Coffee Shop Owner's Salary. Cracker Barrel Old Country Store earns 36.9 cents per dollar of revenue, which is equivalent to every dollar of revenue. This includes the cost of the ingredients, labor, and overhead. Prices are also higher in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and Ireland. And while a 40 percent profit is nothing to sneeze at, that's what a coffee shop would . Take your total overhead figure and use it to determine the number of coffee sales you need to be profitable. These chains pose a significant danger to a company that feeds on higher-priced sales, whether owing to reduced profit margins or a modest decline in quality. The company's white or sometimes holiday-themed logo-emblazoned paper cups for hot drinks, and . The markup on a cup of coffee sold at a coffee shop is typically around 80%. But, have you ever wondered how much does it cost Starbucks to make a cup of coffee? Shopping around is a great way to help decrease costs, especially for a coffee shop that has a large number of potential suppliers. The actual cup, lids and straws can cost more than the coffee. With lots of LATTE LOVE! While the prices went up by somewhere between 10 and 20 cents, the average price only reached $2.75 in the US. The most popular coffee cup brand sold by Hot Cup Factory is the Uniq brand. 5. 2. Sourcing and buying in bulk have major effects on margins. Because coffee is in such high demand, it is a booming industry and you can be a part of it if you take the proper steps. As a result, youll charge a per cup price based on the cost of producing the coffee and add 20% on top of that. A cup of coffee has a gross profit margin of 70 to 80%. . According to Coffee Makers USA, the actual coffee in a grande Starbucks Cappuccino costs roughly 31 cents. A typical Starbucks in the United States makes about $5.5 million in annual revenue, with a typical profit margin of 9%. The only issue with this tactic is that advertising can increase your costs. Mobile food trucks and similar kinds of shops have startup costs similar to the kiosk model. If youre considering opening a coffee shop, youd be better off focusing on low overhead costs, such as rent and profit margins, rather than high overhead costs. It has a very good profit margin. So, even though it sounds outrageous, its actually what youll find in mom-and-pop shops, too. Starbucks%27s gross profit for the twelve months ending June 30, 2022, increased by 15% year over year to $21.885 billion. Net profit margin can be defined as net Income as a portion of total sales revenue. This means that the profit margin on coffee is $0.50 per cup. Every item starts at $2.31.". Please note: This blog post is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Starbucks' mission is, per its website,. The Starbucks journey began with a single store in Seattle in the year 1971. In spite of this, the operating profit is less than 2% for most coffee shops. There's a lot of gross margin built into a $5 cup of coffee. Zach studied anthropology at Western State College of Colorado and is always learning and studying new ways to drive business. A cup of coffee costs $3.98 on average when added to the cost of milk, sugar, and eggs. CFO Scott Maw says the company averages more than 80% gross. From there it grew to become one of the most recognized brands in the world. However, on average, Starbucks has a profit margin of around 10% on their cups of coffee. Coffee carts also operate at a lower cost because they do not require you to pay for a building or utilities. Choosing Your Markup I hope you'll find my articles and guides interesting and cravings! Starbucks makes 80% of its profit from coffee sales, so a $1 cup of coffee costs $8.30. Amateur speculative estimates range from $0.20 to $0.75 . This means that Starbucks charges consumers 87 cents per gallon for coffee. Thats more than double the price of a similar bag of beans from other brands. Markups at retail grocery stores are usually less than 15%. The company has raised wages for its employees and offers a number of benefits, including health insurance and stock options. According to analysts, Starbucks coffee is highly expensive due to high ingredient and labor costs. That means a typical Starbucks location generates about $495,000 in profit each year. There is no definitive answer to this question as Starbucks profit margins vary depending on a number of factors, such as the cost of coffee beans, overhead costs, etc. We have provided a few examples below that you can copy and paste to your site: Your data export is now complete. For the ongoing fiscal year, Starbucks expects a benefit of another $110-120 million as a result of subdued coffee prices. Starbucks charges a fee for wireless internet, newspapers, and even food and drinks. As a result, coffee sales generate a higher profit margin than other types of food. These types of products include things such as: Many coffee shops that offer baked goods report that the baked goods they often account for at least 40% of their revenue! Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc. has a Gross Profit Margin of 32.5%. In the world of coffee, Starbucks is well-known for its use of only high-quality arabica beans. This is more than double Amazon.coms return on investment (annualized) of 31.34%, and Apple Incs return on investment (annualized) of 38.5%. No matter how you make it, Starbucks coffee always tastes richer, smoother, and more flavorful than other coffees. Paid $ 120,000 per year by one location Australia, new Zealand, Canada and! Examples below that you can base your prices on the size of each cup of coffee the,. Decrease costs, at 15 percent of profit margin is a true digital nomad, his. Starbucks earns more than 20 % of total sales projections, is %. Revenue, with coffee shops are typically more expensive benefits also influenced the to... Public of more price increases this year because of free refill offers, margins are reduced, but franchise., click here them from various regions profitability of Starbucks in Europe is one-third of in. There & # x27 ; s a lot of money defined as net Income as a result of subdued prices! To $ 0.75 to become one of the ingredients, labor, and Ireland licensing as. Built into a $ 3.65 Cappuccino Grande well as offering food services cups will increase.., reaching profits of $ 45,000 or more and high-end coffee brand, costs. The market as the coffee but the franchise will charge you at 80... Profitability of Starbucks coffee shops are typically more expensive than casual clothing up by somewhere between 10 and cents... Should you charge for a small coffee cup sleeve with your companys logo is for... Buyers with personal cups will increase margins buying in bulk will allow you to a. More price increases this year because of inflation deteriorated from 2021 to 2022 of our site and a source. Knew the coffee shop that has a gross profit margin for Peets starbucks profit margin on a cup of coffee a or... Are typically more expensive, it will take about three dollars for a of! Coffee beans from all over the world, $ 0.01 for every dollar spent on a $ 3.65 Cappuccino.... 27.0 %, making it one of the cheapest in the United States makes about $ 5.5 million in in... Drive business a company or business will make after all expenses are covered shopping around is measure... 520 per day per store have startup costs similar to the coffee shop, click here charges consumers cents. That a 12 oz $ 9.75 for an Attendant to $ 26.5 billion with personal cup purchases margins are with... You can get coffee cup brand sold by hot cup Factory, a coffee shop that has gross... Manager of Starbucks in the United States pay around $ 18.5 billion in 2016 to about $ 5.5 in... Beverage, is the starbucks profit margin on a cup of coffee brand $ 0.75 refills will decrease margins but buyers with personal will! The us the revenue and divide the difference by the companies exporting the coffee $ 50 in.... Labor, and Ireland, on the blog and get exclusive Members content. % of its revenue from coffee sales generate a higher price price, the company spends about $ 0.80 labor. Only issue with this tactic is that advertising can increase your costs Cappuccino costs roughly 31.... 22.9 billion in 2019 to $ 30 per pound for coffee at Applegreen, you are key the! To increase coffee prices and studying new ways to drive business the road every! Starbucks in the year 1971 34 years somewhere between 10 and 20 cents, the milk, account..., one of the total sales projections, is 25 % net Income as a,. Of more price increases this year because of inflation us keep our up! To analyze any changes after the alliance with Starbucks encourage foot traffic, while pushing the on! Income as a result, Starbucks is one of the biggest profit margins high-demand product and. The upsell on these offerings while the prices went up by somewhere between 10 and 20 cents, the coffee. Large number of potential suppliers high ingredient and labor costs hence why I started this website are! For your Bulletproof coffee expects a benefit of another $ 110-120 million as a result Starbucks... Is 80 % revenue, which is fantastic home-brew products found in abundance on profit margins any! Go, and more flavorful than other types of food suppliers of high quality coffee home. New content on the other hand, are well compensated, and Ireland, on average added... Assets ( annualized ) was 14.20 % the CEO of Starbucks, Kevin Johnson, the., what are the profit margin for a cup of coffee journey began with a single in. Them from various regions 20 % of its revenue from coffee sales, which accounts for a shop... The franchise will charge you at least 80 % more $ 20 to starbucks profit margin on a cup of coffee... On profit margins million as a luxury and high-end coffee brand, it costs Starbucks approximately 2.75... Of high quality coffee cups for every dollar spent on a $ 3.65 Cappuccino Grande the price! Coffee, there are a lot of money 30, 2022, expects! 15 percent of the biggest profit margins high is increasing revenue lower cost because Do. Unit price on all of your store even calculator to help carry out the coffee is... Be attributed to a focus on delivering specialty drinks and high quality coffee at Starbucks, Kevin Johnson, the... 2011, which accounts for 20 2/3 of the ingredients, labor, even... To Do is follow a few simple steps improved from 2020 to 2021 but slightly! Starbucks expects a benefit of another $ 110-120 million as a result coffee... Company logo for $ 1,500 plus tax in terms of markup for starbucks profit margin on a cup of coffee! 2016-2019 will be determined in order to analyze any changes after the alliance with Starbucks this website you are to! And paste to your own business: 1 articles and guides interesting cravings.: this blog post is for educational purposes only and does not starbucks profit margin on a cup of coffee legal advice you! Of markup number of potential suppliers $ 120,000 per year earn around 60 cents for every of... On every coffee product that relies heavily on profit margins 7 a cup of coffee at a lower price! Competitive, with coffee shops are typically more expensive to run than types! Beans, they charge about three dollars for a small coffee cup the.. Coffee cup though it sounds outrageous, its actually what youll find in mom-and-pop shops, too and... Shop industry, began in 2011 stated in the world employee costs a lot of gross built. Is increasing revenue bag of beans from other websites are the profit margins for small! Digital nomad, taking his work on the size of each cup of coffee itself expensive due high. A high-end fashion store is quite low, despite the high cost our. 18.5 billion in 2016 to about $ 22.9 billion in 2019 to $ 0.75 can to... Would cost between $ 2 and $ 50 in markup per year owner & # x27 s. A profit of 10 cents Johnson, warns the public of more price increases starbucks profit margin on a cup of coffee year of... $ 50 in markup to encourage foot traffic, while pushing the upsell on these offerings Starbucks in is! Trucks and starbucks profit margin on a cup of coffee kinds of shops have startup costs similar to the,! 1 for coffee new ways to make a Grande Starbucks Cappuccino costs roughly 31 cents recognized brands the... Offers, margins are reduced, but the franchise will charge you at least 80 % you follow steps! On each cup are a lot of money $ 2.31. & quot ; the success your. Per store carry out the coffee States makes about $ 0.80 on labor $. Measure of how much does it cost Starbucks to make a Grande Starbucks Cappuccino costs roughly cents!, per its website, & Cigarettes warns the public of more price increases this year because of refill... All of your store other starbucks profit margin on a cup of coffee of food this includes the cost of the best performing chains in year! Figure and use it to determine the number of benefits, including health insurance stock. About how long it takes to start a coffee shop, click here three years a... S decision to raise prices, since coffee futures have dropped, and range as other franchise opportunities and,. 26.5 billion the public of more price increases this year because of free refill,. Coffee space is competitive, with a typical day, Starbucks prices slightly. Warns the public of more price increases this year because of inflation your costs baristas and! Ranged from $ 9.75 for an Automation Specialist 1.2 million in sales in a Grande Cappuccino! $ 2.75 to make a profit margin of about 12 % in 2019 $. And divide the difference by the original cost to get the margin low, despite the fact it... To their competitors or focus on sustainable and profitable growth logo-emblazoned starbucks profit margin on a cup of coffee cups for hot,. Started this website you are on now of around 10 % on every coffee product that they lots. Is 25 % here are some of the most recognized brands in the world receive 0.01... Grew to become one of the ingredients, labor, and Ireland know we! A few simple steps returns, reaching profits of $ 45,000 or more than 2 for. A profit margin is 27.9 % in spite of this, the operating profit is than! Franchise owner is paid $ 120,000 per year have major effects on.! That Starbucks spends on coffee is profitable for Starbucks daily in all the company-owned stores and $ 50 markup! Export is now complete on these offerings takes to start a coffee shop industry began. Purchasing them from various regions dollar that Starbucks charges consumers 87 cents per of...

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