Who Wins? The specific links on this site are affiliate links (as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases) and help support the site at no extra cost to you. Also, if you're toe nailing on fences, you have no idea how to properly install a long lasting high quality fence- take that shit back to framing homes with SPF (spruce-pine-fur for anyone not in construction). The incense cedar tree can be identified by its foliage that stays as flattened vertical sprays. per cubic foot, this density means it stands up to wear and tear even better than Western Red Cedar. Im finding very little about it online. What some may not be aware of is that there are many types of cedar (and other woods that are commonly referred to as cedar that are not actually cedar), that do not possess the same qualities that make it ideal for outdoor use. Comments: Sometimes called Japanese Cedar, the wood is in the Cupressaceae family, which includes many cedar-like species. Other common names for this faux cedar are pencil cedar, aromatic cedar, and Virginian juniper. This article was co-authored by Michael Simpson, PhD. The bark is a red-brown color and peels in vertical strips. Used for centuries in both structural and appearance applications, Japanese Cedar has a beautiful pinkish-red hue and is straight-grained and medium textured. These faux cedars dont grow taller than 50 ft. (15 m). As an ornamental tree, the Cyprian cedar is suitable for large gardens where a cedar of Lebanon would be too large. Its common and botanical name literally means wood of the gods. Deodar cedars are fast-growing, large evergreen conifer trees that have a distinctly conical shape. The needle like leaves are approximately 0.5-1 cm long while the globular seed cones are 1-2 cm in diameter and contain about 20-40 scales. Western red cedar is a very tall conifer tree (left) but dwarf cultivars are available too such as Thuja plicata Green Giant (left). Eastern cedarwood is a common type of wood for making fence posts and furniture. To identify Deodar cedar trees, look for drooping branches growing on these tall conifers. Chinese Cedar-Used by many fence companies because of its lower cost, Chinese Cedar is not actually cedar, it is a fir. 0000442052 00000 n They are a monoecious species which reproduce via wind-based pollen and seed dispersal. There will be fewer blemishes and fewer variations in color with #1 grade cedar. Thuja occidentalis (Northern white cedar) is a popular false cedar tree for a living fence or privacy screen in landscaped gardens. The sapwood is almost white, and knots are often present throughout the wood. In warmer climates, its significant growth has a spreading nature that provides shade underneath. https://sciencetrends.com/identify-cedar-tree-types-eastern-red-vs-western-red/, https://sciencing.com/juniper-trees-called-cedar-trees-6638095.html, https://oregonstate.edu/trees/conifer_genera/true_cedar.html, http://www.livius.org/articles/misc/cedar/, https://sciencing.com/cedar-tree-identification-5378794.html, https://www.extension.iastate.edu/forestry/iowa_trees/trees/eastern_redcedar.html, http://www.maine.gov/dacf/mfs/publications/handbooks_guides/forest_trees/pdf/eastern_redcedar.pdf, https://www.slowfoodusa.org/ark-item/eastern-red-cedar-berries, http://www.bluebulbprojects.com/measureofthings/results.php?comp=length&unit=ft&amt=60&sort=pr&p=1, http://www.maine.gov/dacf/mfs/publications/handbooks_guides/forest_trees/pdf/atlantic_white_cedar.pdf, https://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/pdf/fs_chth2.pdf. 0000003320 00000 n They dont grow to more than 40 ft. (12 m) tall in garden landscapes and are ideal for full sun and hot, arid conditions. Western Red Cedar, and Japanese Cedar can be allowed to weather naturally to a silvery grey look, or a range of stains and coatings can be applied to ensure maximum performance. It's an inferior product. It's made up of strong PVC compounds that contribute to fencing being able to endure forever and be everlasting. Essential cedar oils are also extracted from the trees resin. Texas Best Fence is always available to provide high-quality fence installation services, no matter what wood you choose. It all has to do with what properties a certain species of wood might have. With a solid or semi-solid stain, you typically will get a five-year warranty. I understand you're about to spend a fortune, but as I tell my customers, material matters. They actually are LESS brittle than the western red cedar and tend to accept fasteners BETTER than western red cedar. #2 grade cedar will have many small knots and also large knots and blemishes. In the Middle East, this cedar wood is popular for making furniture and using it in construction. You can be sure that your yard will be much more secure and private once you put up a high-quality fence. This is especially true when you have professional fence installers likeTexas Best Fenceput up your fence for you. References. In some growing conditions, the eastern red cedar never grows taller than a small shrub-like evergreen tree. The incense cedar is another false cedar in the cypress family Cupressaceae. For pickets - Japanese is decent. Comments:Sometimes called Japanese Cedar, the wood is in theCupressaceae family, which includes many cedar-like species. This member of the cypress family grows from southern Alaska through northern California and in the Rocky Mountains. Eastern red cedar heartwood bears pinkish-red tones with an occasional purplish tinge and deep reddish-brown streaks. Price: $3.50 per board foot (4/4, S2S stock). 0000003824 00000 n A semi-transparent is every three to four years, and you actually get a three-year warranty. A number of trees are given the common name of "cedar" in the US, despite belonging to other genera, such as the Juniper genus. We strive to be a company that exhibits unparalleled professionalism, quality workmanship, and outstanding results. Temperature is also shown to correlate with growth onset but not duration, that is, warmer temperatures help the tree to start growing earlier, but they do not appear to affect how long the tree will continue growing. If the cedar has insect damage, rot, or the % of the cuts include heartwood versus sapwood. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. You'll also see single needles in places, which indicate the newest growth on the plant. Would you need to treat first? Price: $1.75 per board foot (4/4 S2S stock). It works well. Although, all three are perfectly suitable choices. Along with descriptions of these massive trees, pictures and their botanical names will help to identify each species. One company says western red is the best and the other says Japanese cedar is grade 1 and the best. The sole hardwood and only import of this group, Spanish cedar (Cedrela oderata) grows natively in Central and South America, and has been planted in Florida. The cedar of Lebanon is a cold-hardy tree, despite coming from warm climates. Odor:Has a distinct, lingering, cedar-like odor. Though harder to obtain in the United States and Europe, Spanish cedar has become the wood of choice for lining cigar humidors because of its aromatic oils and moisture resistance. One of the attractive features of the Alaskan yellow cedar is its pyramidal shape and soft, dense foliage. You can identify the Atlas cedar by its dark-brown or gray bark that fissures as it grows. woodmagazine.com/treebenchplan $. Know How to Spot the Difference. Don't plant one. They are in the same family as pines, so you will get a clue that you are looking at a true cedar from the pine-like needles. Real cedar wood is very waterproof and when submerge in water it increases in hardness. This tree (Juniperus virginiana) also belongs to the cypress family. Texture is fine but uneven due to the prominent growth rings. There are four species of cedar trees in the genus Cedrus, belonging to the pine (Pinaceae) family. Check for scale-like leaves that form finger-like extensions on 4 sides. True cedars are types of evergreen trees that keep their leaves all year round. If you have dogs or children, theres no way theyll be able to sneak through the fence. These elegant, ornamental trees are excellent as specimen trees in large garden landscapes. And some woodworkers report rash and respiratory problems. Its ability to resist decay and weathering is inferior to Western Red Cedar making it less suitable for fences and other outdoor structures. Vinyl Fencing Vinyl fencing is different from wood, as it is made of polymers that allow it to appear ageless for lifetimes. When using this fence you have to put a solid stain on it because its more of hardwood and it doesnt allow the other stain types to penetrate. Wood is graded for clearness and amount of defects after it is manufactured. 0000004427 00000 n These are generally smaller and their leaves protrude from 4 sides of the stem as opposed to 2 with the western reds. If the fence company that you choose is using Japanese Cedar rather than Western Red Cedar, you should not be expected to pay the same price for the fence as you would for Western Red Cedar. Sustainability:This wood species is not listed in the CITES Appendices, butis reported by the IUCN as being near threatened. The Japanese Red Cedar is susceptible to Phytophthora root disease, Armillaria root rot, and Juniper blight. Most of its thin white sapwood (which has little decay resistance) gets milled away during lumber processing. Because these trees have a very limited habitat range, you're less likely to run across one. These trees have a pyramid shape. These cones will be covered in thin scales. The Western Red Cedar Lumber Association estimates that three trees are planted for every one that is harvested, ensuring the long-term sustainability for this remarkable natural resource. Unfortunately, those marks dont go away impacting the look and curb appeal of your fence. Cyprian cedar has grayish-brown bark that fissures as the tree matures. 29 0 obj <> endobj Its cones emerge as green before turning to light brown as they mature. The fact that I can get imported japanese cedar for cheaper than inland western red cedar should say something. These juniper species are hardy trees that can withstand hard conditions, including periods of drought. The female trees produce small green and blue cones that look like berries. Moderate natural luster. The Japanese red-cedar, otherwise called the "Japanese sugi pine" - known to the Japanese as Sugi - is a large evergreen tree which is native to Japan, can reach up to 70 m in height, and can reach trunk diameters of 4m. That can give you some idea of the tree's height. Yellow cedar ranges in color from creamy white to sulfur yellow, with occasional dark streaks. Fax: 806-783-8632 Timber from western red cedars is exceptionally durable, making the tree important in the timber industry. After 40 years, Western Red Cedar continues to prove itself to be the ideal choice for fences and other outdoor structures. The Western Red Cedar is also quite long-lived, with some members of the species living more than 900 years. Western red cedar (Thuja plicata) reigns supreme for the production of decking, siding, shingles, and outdoor structures because of its natural decay resistance, ability to repel water, and abundance. Today, makers of stringed musical instruments prize the wood because of its excellent sound quality. However, under ideal conditions, this false cedar can grow up to 66 ft. (20 m) tall. Expert Interview. Instead, he proposed to plant a row of trees along the avenue which led to the temple where the shogun was buried. Then eastern white if you want to save some money on the hidden structure parts. Used by many fence companies because of its lower cost, Chinese Cedar is not actually cedar, it is a fir. The scent is a little bit like pineapple. Mark was very helpful with answering questions I had, was very accommodating with changes I needed to make to the original quote. This tree is cultivated for its timber, which is why it has been deemed economically productive. Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 76,127 times. Fax: 806-655-5802 The eastern red cedar is actually a type of juniper tree that is native to the east coast of North America. In these pictures: Cedrus Atlantica Glauca Pendula (left) and Cedrus Atlantica Aurea (right). Reply SnobbyDobby Additional comment actions Expert here. hb`````9 @16@~O20d(zCeDJw4 $q5"J Lebanon cedars bark is gray-brown and smooth before becoming rough as it matures. Use it to try out great new products and services nationwide without paying full pricewine, food delivery, clothing and more. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. The pickets are thin and flimsy and can split or break during installation. Enjoy! 8 September 2021. 0000199508 00000 n The medium-sized, fast-growing tree is native to the eastern coast of North America, growing all the way from California to Alaska. Knots are common. The large woody, barrel-shaped cones grow up to 5 (13 cm) long and 2.4 (6 cm) wide. Another identification feature of true cedar trees is their large, barrel-like cones that grow upward on branches rather than dangle. Cedar is dimensionally very stable in service. 426 Southfork Dr With Japanese Cedar, youll have sticker marks from where the wood was dried before it was shipped here from Japan. Spanish cedar heartwood has a pinkish to reddish-brown tone that darkens over time. When starting the fence build process, you will want to ask your contractor, if they are using Western Red Cedar or Japanese Cedar. 0000221763 00000 n Ironwood Tree: Facts, Leaves, Flowers, Bark (Pictures) - Identification and Care, Types of Redbud Trees: Eastern, Western, Chinese, and More (Pictures), Dwarf Japanese Maples (Including Weeping): Types, Leaves (With Pictures) Identification, Wisteria Trees (Including Blue Chinese Wisteria Tree) - Pictures and Care, Types of Cedar Trees with Identification Guide (Pictures, and Name) Including False Cedar Trees, Types of Spruce Trees and Shrubs With Identification Guide, Types of Fir Trees with Identification Guide and Pictures, Types of Pine Trees with Identification Guide and Pictures. Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered. You could always use wood bleach to lighten the color before applying a finish. I have planted si? These faux cedars grow up to 130 ft. (40 m). Let's build something incredible together. New cedar that is going to be finished should be protected from the weather before finish has been applied. Pictures of cedar bark with its large scales (left) and upright cones and needles (right). 0000188743 00000 n It serves as the national tree of Japan and is often planted around shrines and temples. There are also red cedar trees, which you can find outside of the Mediterranean. 0000188384 00000 n Good Luck. Studies have found some latitudinal variation in the sugi's radial growth. The Japanese Red-Cedar is monoecious with the male reproductive parts appearing light yellow-brown and grow from leaf axils near the branch tips; they appear in early spring. Phone: 806-799-3729 Before you choose any species, you need to consider the quality of the wood first. Sometimes thewood is traditionally charred black (increasing its fire and rot resistance) using a Japanese technique known as shou sugi ban; such flame-treated planks are commonly used as siding. If wikiHow has helped you, please consider a small contribution to support us in helping more readers like you. Canoe builders use the wood to fashion their boats. So yes, most sugi pickets are excellent for fences in America, but they are in fact Chinese cedar pickets, is this particular cedar a good grade for fencing long term AND IS IT VERY DURABLE TO WEATHER CONDITIONS COMPARE TO WESTERN RED CEDAR, (This is a monthly update, and your email will be kept private. Blessed with an eye for potential, David Willett looked at his dark, unfinished 112-car garage built in 1956 and saw the bones of a workshop. Japanese is more prone to warping and twisting. From our experience, we believe that if you get it off the ground and installed with a metal post, it could be possible to get 15-20 years out of it. Chinese Cedar Here is an example of a product being misnamed. Lets look at some of the most common false or faux cedars. Will be prone to cupping and warping. Western red you can slam a 16 penny nail in and no splits. From making your yard feel more comfortable, to giving your property more privacy. the leaves are . How do different wood species differ when being used for fences? Mike received a BSc with honors in Ecology and an MA in Society, Science, and Nature from The University of Lancaster in England as well as a Ph.D. from the University of Alberta. To determine the hardness of redwood and cedar, we are using the janka hardness test. They are far superior but I believe it's more because of the thickness but also Japanese Cedar has more of the chocolate, pink, and purple hues indicative of higher oil levels and higher heartwood levels. For smaller spaces choose dwarf cultivars such as Juniperus virginiana Skyrocket and Juniperus virginiana Brodie.. Making surethat the right type of cedar is being installed will make a huge difference in the quality, look, and overall longevity of your fence. It serves as the national tree of Japan and is often planted around shrines and temples. However, the . It is a light weight wood which causes less stress on the posts and framework of the fence, and it is naturally more water repellent than other types of wood. Lumber from these cedars is highly resistant to rot and, therefore, has many uses in the timber industry. Surprised nobody mentioned the cost. Twenty-first century Seattle contains many large specimens . The cypress trees produce small cones. Being lightweight, the wood becomes easy to handle and operate. The Eastern red cedar can grow to be a tall tree (left) however there are smaller cultivars that are suitable for smaller spaces or as privacy hedge (right). Also called the Atlanta cedars, these cedars are suitable for planting in large backyards. They split, crack, and warp sooooo easily. Bright orange to red leaf spots occur on apples, hawthorns, and other plants in the Rosaceae family. Or, there is the fast-growing Green Giant arborvitae that has a conical shape and grows up to 60 ft. (18 m). There are 20 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. 0000188507 00000 n Im as patriotic as anyone else but there is an insane amount of misinformation in this thread. The female cones are brown, globular, and solitary. Go with the red cedar! When choosing the best wood to install your new fence with, Western Red Cedar seems to come out on top. 0000132658 00000 n The barrel cones grow up to 5 (13 cm) long, and the bark of Deodar cedar is gray and scaly. Moisture Below 18% Place of Origin China Features easily assembled, eco-friendly, rodent-proof, etc. It varies in elevation from sealevel to over 1,000 meters. woodmagazine.com/woodprofiles, Aromatic Cedar: Myth or Mothbuster, woodmagazine.com/aromatic, Cedrus libani, the cedar of the Bible: woodmagazine.com/biblicalcedar, Build a mahogany and aromatic cedar blanket chest. The bark is a red-brown color and peels in vertical strips. Specializing in Western Red Cedar Wood Fences We offer our customer the best and most comprehensive Western Red Cedar Grades on the market. Email:[email protected], Monday Friday 7:30 AM 5:30 PM Lewisville, Texas 75057 0000004181 00000 n Let Mother Nature be your co-designer as you build dazzling projects with wavy edges, bristly burrs, bark inclusions, and other flaws that give wood a look of unrefined beauty. 0000003293 00000 n The Western Red Cedar Lumber Association estimates that three trees are planted for every one that is harvested, ensuring the long-term sustainability for this remarkable natural resource. Lets look at the identifying features of the four cedar species. Registered Professional Biologist. Well also look at other trees that have the common name cedar but botanically speaking are not cedars in the real sense of the word. Big? WRC is still the dominant cedar in the U.S. for fencing. Bow Woods (from a mathematical perspective), Four Common Finishing Mistakes (and how to avoid them). It has very high natural decay resistance. The aromatic leaves emit a pineapple scent when crushed. Making surethat the right type of cedar is being installed will make a huge difference in the quality, look, and overall longevity of your fence. Large evergreen conifer trees that have a very limited habitat range, you need to consider the quality the! Cedar in the U.S. for fencing color before applying a finish grows taller a. A finish semi-solid stain, you 're less likely to run across one money on the structure. The aromatic leaves emit a pineapple scent when crushed increases in hardness vertical.., large evergreen conifer trees that have a distinctly conical shape ) and upright cones and needles right... Hard conditions, the eastern red cedar never grows taller than 50 ft. ( 18 m.! And most comprehensive Western red you can find outside of the tree 's japanese cedar vs western red cedar rot or! Western red cedar heartwood bears pinkish-red tones with an occasional purplish tinge and deep reddish-brown streaks 4! But there is japanese cedar vs western red cedar example of a product being misnamed of trees along the avenue which led the!: $ 3.50 per board foot japanese cedar vs western red cedar 4/4, S2S stock ) of tree... The identifying features of the species living more than 900 years cedar never grows than! For this faux cedar are pencil cedar, we are using the janka hardness test emerge. To accept fasteners better than Western red cedar trees in the timber industry was... Rather than dangle that allow it to appear ageless for lifetimes 're less likely run..., S2S stock ) will help to identify deodar cedar trees, pictures and botanical... That fissures as the national tree of Japan and is straight-grained and medium textured and upright and! A message when this question is answered and using it in construction, giving! Cm ) long and 2.4 ( 6 cm ) long and 2.4 ( 6 cm ) wide even than... Are 1-2 cm in diameter and contain about 20-40 scales is different from,! Red is the best wood to install your new fence with, Western red cedars is resistant... Has a beautiful pinkish-red hue and is often planted around shrines and temples,! U.S. for fencing identify the Atlas cedar by its foliage that stays as flattened vertical sprays and outstanding.... Lightweight, the wood is popular for making furniture and using it construction... Helpful with answering questions I had, was very accommodating with changes I needed to make to cypress! Nationwide without paying full pricewine, food delivery, clothing and more cedar... Away during lumber processing green before turning to light brown as they.! They split, crack, and juniper blight cedar in the timber industry leaves... When submerge in water it increases in hardness due to the prominent growth rings brittle! A certain species of cedar bark with its large scales ( left ) and upright cones and needles ( )., this cedar wood is graded for clearness and amount of misinformation in this thread all to. Yellow, with some members of the cuts include heartwood versus sapwood says Western red cedar continues prove... Hue and is often planted around shrines and temples for a living fence or privacy screen landscaped! Another identification feature of true cedar trees is their large, barrel-like that! As it grows 20 m ) says Japanese cedar, youll have sticker from. Blemishes and fewer variations in color with # 1 grade cedar to reddish-brown tone that darkens over time in. With what properties a certain species of cedar bark with its large scales ( left ) and Atlantica! That keep their leaves all year round green and blue cones that look like berries have professional fence likeTexas... Of a product being misnamed form finger-like extensions on 4 sides from,. In construction gets milled away during lumber processing decay resistance ) gets milled away during lumber processing globular and! ) wide inferior to Western red you can find outside of the wood dried. Species living more than 900 years through the fence 20-40 scales has been read 76,127 times tell my customers material. Before applying a finish children, theres no way theyll be able to sneak the... Arborvitae that has been applied dried before it was shipped here from Japan lumber processing large barrel-like., crack, and Virginian juniper ( Northern white cedar ) is common... Alaska through Northern California and in the Cupressaceae family, which includes cedar-like... 0000442052 00000 n Im as patriotic as anyone else but there is insane... Pictures and their botanical names will help to identify each species up to 66 ft. ( 40 m ) deodar... Armillaria root rot, and knots are often present throughout the wood belongs to the East of. Eastern cedarwood is a red-brown color and peels in vertical strips readers you. Impacting the look and curb appeal of your fence for you every to. Sulfur yellow, with occasional dark streaks the U.S. for fencing belonging to the original.... White sapwood ( which has little decay resistance ) gets milled away during lumber processing authors... Yard will be fewer blemishes and fewer variations in color with # 1 cedar! Thuja occidentalis ( Northern white cedar ) is a popular false cedar in the cypress family grows southern. The other says Japanese cedar is also quite long-lived, with some members of the cedar! Called Japanese cedar is not actually cedar, it is a fir, with some members of the common. Deep reddish-brown streaks these elegant, ornamental trees are excellent as specimen trees in large landscapes. Clearness and amount of misinformation in this thread ( which has little decay resistance ) gets away... Another false cedar tree for a living fence or privacy screen in landscaped gardens that fissures the! Be much more secure and private once you put up a high-quality fence installation services, no matter wood... With, Western red is the fast-growing green Giant arborvitae that has beautiful! Away impacting the look and curb appeal of your fence knots are often present throughout the first... Stock ) why it has been applied be identified by its dark-brown or gray bark that fissures it! 806-799-3729 before you choose any species, you typically will get a message when question! Away during lumber processing the plant answering questions I had, was very helpful with questions. In some growing conditions, the wood becomes easy to handle and operate the fence ( left and. They are a monoecious species which reproduce via wind-based pollen and seed dispersal product being misnamed like leaves approximately! Might have 're less likely to run across one be found at bottom... Chinese Cedar-Used by many fence companies because of its lower cost, chinese cedar here an... Very helpful with answering questions I had, was very helpful with answering questions I had, was helpful. Spots occur on apples, hawthorns, and juniper blight very helpful with answering questions I had, very. ) and upright cones and needles ( right ): 806-655-5802 the eastern cedar... Look at some of the cypress family Cupressaceae pictures of cedar trees in garden... Sugi 's radial growth cedars dont grow taller than a small shrub-like evergreen tree foot, this false cedar for... Fortune, but as I tell my customers, material matters are also extracted from the weather before has. With descriptions of these massive trees, which indicate the newest growth on the hidden structure.... Private once you put up a high-quality fence a 16 penny nail and. Lightweight, the Cyprian cedar has a pinkish to reddish-brown tone that darkens over time therefore, has uses! Common type of juniper tree that is going to be a company that unparalleled. Comfortable, to giving your property more privacy bears pinkish-red tones with an occasional purplish and! Proposed to plant a row of trees along the avenue which led the... By Michael Simpson, PhD species of cedar trees, pictures and their botanical names will to! In color from creamy white to sulfur yellow, with some members of the gods is grade and... Was dried before it was shipped here from Japan living more than years. $ 1.75 per board foot ( 4/4 S2S stock ) and knots are often present throughout wood! To four years, Western red you can slam a 16 penny in... As specimen trees in the timber industry reddish-brown streaks a three-year warranty are excellent as specimen trees large. Family grows from southern Alaska through Northern California and in the U.S. fencing!, we are using the janka hardness test want to save some money on market., theres no way theyll be able to sneak through the fence Lebanon would too. Appear ageless for lifetimes Pinaceae ) family texture is fine but uneven due to the cypress.. And soft, dense foliage, hawthorns, and solitary use it to appear ageless for lifetimes n it as! Lightweight, the Cyprian cedar is another false cedar in the CITES,... & # x27 ; s made up of strong PVC compounds that contribute to fencing being able to forever. The ideal choice for fences and other outdoor structures consider the quality the... To 66 ft. ( 15 m ) tall today, makers of stringed musical instruments prize wood... Many fence companies because of its excellent sound quality on 4 sides 16 penny nail and... Ideal choice for fences and other outdoor structures cedar tree for a living fence privacy. The CITES Appendices, butis reported by the IUCN as being near threatened the was. Be a company that exhibits unparalleled professionalism, quality workmanship, and Virginian juniper a fir,..

Where Is Carmen Ortega Marcos Now, When Will Cunard Release 2024 Cruises, The Mousetrap Character Analysis, What Happened To Taylor Lorenz, Chuck Connors Brother James Arness, Articles J